Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with Lithuanian klṓti (“to lay, lay out, spread, pave”), Russian клад (klad, “treasure”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxlɑ.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hlaþaną[1][2][3]

  1. to load

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 6)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlaþō *hlaþaų — *hlaþai ?
2nd singular *hlaþizi *hlaþaiz *hlaþ *hlaþazai *hlaþaizau
3rd singular *hlaþidi *hlaþai *hlaþadau *hlaþadai *hlaþaidau
1st dual *hlaþōz *hlaþaiw — — —
2nd dual *hlaþadiz *hlaþaidiz *hlaþadiz — —
1st plural *hlaþamaz *hlaþaim — *hlaþandai *hlaþaindau
2nd plural *hlaþid *hlaþaid *hlaþid *hlaþandai *hlaþaindau
3rd plural *hlaþandi *hlaþain *hlaþandau *hlaþandai *hlaþaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hlōþ *hlōdį̄
2nd singular *hlōst *hlōdīz
3rd singular *hlōþ *hlōdī
1st dual *hlōdū *hlōdīw
2nd dual *hlōdudiz *hlōdīdiz
1st plural *hlōdum *hlōdīm
2nd plural *hlōdud *hlōdīd
3rd plural *hlōdun *hlōdīn
present past
participles *hlaþandz *hladanaz

Derived terms

  • *hlassą

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hlaþan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 229
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xlaþanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 175
  3. ^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “HLAÞ-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 258
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