Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hugiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱk-í-s ~ *ḱk-éy-s, from *ḱek- (“to be able, capable”), whence Proto-Germanic *hagaz (“skilled, abled”), Old Irish cécht (“might”), Sanskrit शकत् (śákat, “to be able”), Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬌 (sācaiiaṇti, “to learn, understand”), Younger Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬱𐬐𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (saškuštəma, “the best understanding”).^[1]

Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”),^[2] or perhaps Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“flare up, glow”),^[3] whence Sanskrit शुच्यति (śúcyati, “to glow, shine; to hurt”) (though the semantics for the latter suggestion are more tenuous).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxu.ɣiz/

Noun

*hugiz m^[2]^[4]

mind, thought, sense, understanding

Inflection

Declension of *hugiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hugiz	*hugīz
vocative	*hugi	*hugīz
accusative	*hugį	*huginz
genitive	*hugīz	*hugijǫ̂
dative	*hugī	*hugimaz
instrumental	*hugī	*hugimiz

Derived terms

*hugdiz
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gahugdiz
*Hugilaikaz

Related terms

*haganą
*hagaz
*hagōną
*hahtuz
*huguz
*hugô
- Old Norse: hugi
  - Icelandic: hugi
  - Faroese: hugi
*hugjaną
*hugōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hugi
- Old English: hyġe, hiġe
  - Middle English: hige, huȝe, huiȝe, hiȝe, huie, hiȝ, hie
- Old Frisian: hei
  - North Frisian: huwggje
- Old Saxon: hugi
  - Middle Low German: hoge, höge
    - Low German: Höög
- Old Dutch: *hugi
  - Middle Dutch: hōge, huege
    - Dutch: heug
      - → West Frisian: heuch
- Old High German: *hugi
  - Middle High German: huge, hoge, hüge
Old Norse: hugr
- Icelandic: hugur
- Faroese: hugur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: hug
- Old Swedish: hugher, hogher
  - Swedish: hug c, håg c
- Old Danish: hugh
  - Danish: hu c, (dialectal) hov c
Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐍃 (hugs)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śak”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 432-3
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “hugi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 252
^ Torp, Alf (1919) “Hug”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 225
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xuʒiz ~ *xuʒuz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śak”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 432-3

[EDPG-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “hugi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 252

[3] Torp, Alf (1919) “Hug”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 225

[4] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xuʒiz ~ *xuʒuz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190

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