Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hultą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from a neuter root noun *kóld, *kld-és (“wooden piece”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”).^[1]^[2] Compare Proto-Slavic *kòlda (“block, log”), Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Pokorny reference points to wrong entry - should be fixed.”)

Noun

*hultą n

wood

Inflection

Declension of *hultą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hultą	*hultō
vocative	*hultą	*hultō
accusative	*hultą	*hultō
genitive	hultas, hultis	*hultǫ̂
dative	*hultai	*hultamaz
instrumental	*hultō	*hultamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *holt
- Old English: holt
  - Middle English: holt
    - English: holt, hoult (obsolete)
    - Scots: holt (archaic)
- Old Frisian: holt
  - North Frisian: holt
  - Saterland Frisian: Holt
  - West Frisian: hout
- Old Saxon: holt
  - Middle Low German: holt
    - Low German: Holt
      - German Low German: Holt
    - Plautdietsch: Holt
- Old Dutch: holt
  - Middle Dutch: hout
    - Dutch: hout
      - Afrikaans: hout
    - Limburgish: hówtj
- Old High German: holz
  - Middle High German: holz
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: hòltz
      Mòcheno: holz
    - Central Franconian:
      Hunsrik: Hols
      Luxembourgish: Holz
    - German: Holz
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Frankfurterisch: hold̥s
      Pennsylvania German: Hols
    - Vilamovian: hułc
    - Yiddish: האָלץ (holts)
Old Norse: holt
- Icelandic: holt
- Faroese: holt
- Norwegian: holt
- Old Swedish: hult
  - Swedish: holt, hult
- Danish: holt
- Old Gutnish: hult

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hulta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 254
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1493”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1493

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hulta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 254

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1493”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1493

[1]

[2]