Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hundą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”). Cognate with Latin centum, Old Irish cét, Lithuanian šimtas, Sanskrit शत (śatá).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxun.dɑ̃/

Noun

cardinal number
100/120 Previous: *newuntēhundą
Next: *þūsundī

*hundą n

  1. (+genitive) a great hundred (120)
  2. (+genitive) a hundred (100)
  3. a hundred (an administrative division and a group of a hundred men sent out to fight as noted by Tacitus in his Germania)

Usage notes

The words *hundą and *hundaradą may have not originally had a specific definition, but used as a general word for a fairly large number. This usage continued in many daughter languages, but eventually its value was fixed at 100 as was Latin centum, its cognate. Following a similar way to the third sense, Tacitus notes that being considered a member of the "hundred-band" - as in, one of the hundred men selected to fight - came to eventually be a sort-of "badge of honor" amongst those who "wore" said "badge".

Inflection

Declension of *hundą (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hundą *hundō
vocative *hundą *hundō
accusative *hundą *hundō
genitive *hundas, *hundis *hundǫ̂
dative *hundai *hundamaz
instrumental *hundō *hundamiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: hund
    • Middle English: hund
  • Old Frisian: hund (in compounds)
  • Old Saxon: hund
    • Middle Low German: hunt
  • Old Dutch: *hunt
  • Old High German: hund
    • Middle High German: hunt
      • German: hunt (obsolete)
  • Old Norse: hund-
    • ⇒ Old Norse: Áttundaland, Fjaðryndaland, Tíundaland
  • Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (hund)
  • →? Proto-Finno-Ugric: *kunta
    • Proto-Finnic: *kunta (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Hungarian: hodu

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hunda- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 256
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