Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwalaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxʷɑ.lɑz/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“large fish, sheatfish”). Compare Latin squalus, Old Prussian kalis, Ancient Greek ἀσπαλιεύς (aspalieús, “fisherman”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”).[1]

Noun

*hwalaz m

  1. whale
Inflection
Declension of *hwalaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hwalaz *hwalōz, *hwalōs
vocative *hwal *hwalōz, *hwalōs
accusative *hwalą *hwalanz
genitive *hwalas, *hwalis *hwalǫ̂
dative *hwalai *hwalamaz
instrumental *hwalō *hwalamiz
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“large fish, sheatfish”), from the same source as Etymology 1.

Noun

*hwalaz n

  1. sheatfish
Inflection
Declension of *hwalaz (z-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hwalaz *hwalizō
vocative *hwalaz *hwalizō
accusative *hwalaz *hwalizō
genitive *hwaliziz *hwalizǫ̂
dative *hwalizi *hwalizumaz
instrumental *hwalizē *hwalizumiz
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hwal, *hwaliʀu n or m
    • Old Saxon: *hwels
      • Middle Low German: wels, wils m
        • German Low German: Wels
    • Old Dutch: *wels
      • Middle Dutch: *wels, wils m
    • Old High German: *wals, *wels
      • Middle High German: wels m
  • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *hwalʀā f (< *hwalizǭ)
    • Old Saxon: *hwalra
      • Middle Low German: walre
    • Old High German: walra, walira
      • Middle High German: walre

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwali-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 262
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