Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwarbōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hwarbą, *hwarbaz +‎ *-ōną, the former terms from *hwerbaną (“to turn, move”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxʷɑr.βɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hwarbōną

  1. to turn
  2. to move

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwarbō *hwarbǭ — *hwarbōi ?
2nd singular *hwarbōsi *hwarbōs *hwarbō *hwarbōsai *hwarbōsau
3rd singular *hwarbōþi *hwarbō *hwarbōþau *hwarbōþai *hwarbōþau
1st dual *hwarbōs *hwarbōw — — —
2nd dual *hwarbōþiz *hwarbōþiz *hwarbōþiz — —
1st plural *hwarbōmaz *hwarbōm — *hwarbōnþai *hwarbōnþau
2nd plural *hwarbōþ *hwarbōþ *hwarbōþ *hwarbōnþai *hwarbōnþau
3rd plural *hwarbōnþi *hwarbōn *hwarbōnþau *hwarbōnþai *hwarbōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwarbōdǭ *hwarbōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hwarbōdēz *hwarbōdēdīz
3rd singular *hwarbōdē *hwarbōdēdī
1st dual *hwarbōdēdū *hwarbōdēdīw
2nd dual *hwarbōdēdudiz *hwarbōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hwarbōdēdum *hwarbōdēdīm
2nd plural *hwarbōdēdud *hwarbōdēdīd
3rd plural *hwarbōdēdun *hwarbōdēdīn
present past
participles *hwarbōndz *hwarbōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hwarbōn
    • Old English: hwearfian
    • Old Saxon: hwarvōn
      • Middle Low German: warven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
        • German Low German: warven (strong verb)
    • Old Dutch: *warvon
      • Middle Dutch: warven, waerven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
    • Old High German: warbōn
  • Old Norse: hvarfa
  • Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌱𐍉𐌽 (ƕarbōn)

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xwarƀōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198
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