Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kōlaz (“cool”) +‎ *-janą, or possibly a causative formation equivalent to *kalaną (“to be cold, to freeze”) +‎ *-janą.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɔː.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kōlijaną^[1]^[2]

to make cold, to cool

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*kōlijō	*kōlijaų	—	*kōlijai	?
2nd singular	*kōlīsi	*kōlijais	*kōlī	*kōlijasai	*kōlijaisau
3rd singular	*kōlīþi	*kōlijai	*kōlijaþau	*kōlijaþai	*kōlijaiþau
1st dual	*kōlijōs	*kōlijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kōlijaþiz	*kōlijaiþiz	*kōlijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kōlijamaz	*kōlijaim	—	*kōlijanþai	*kōlijainþau
2nd plural	*kōlīþ	*kōlijaiþ	*kōlīþ	*kōlijanþai	*kōlijainþau
3rd plural	*kōlijanþi	*kōlijain	*kōlijanþau	*kōlijanþai	*kōlijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kōlidǭ	*kōlidēdį̄
2nd singular	*kōlidēz	*kōlidēdīz
3rd singular	*kōlidē	*kōlidēdī
1st dual	*kōlidēdū	*kōlidēdīw
2nd dual	*kōlidēdudiz	*kōlidēdīdiz
1st plural	*kōlidēdum	*kōlidēdīm
2nd plural	*kōlidēdud	*kōlidēdīd
3rd plural	*kōlidēdun	*kōlidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*kōlijandz	*kōlidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kōlijan
- Old English: cœ̄lan, cēlan, ċēlan
  - Middle English: kelen, chelen
    - English: keel
    - Scots: kele, keyle
- Old Frisian: kēla
  - Saterland Frisian: käile, köile
- Old Saxon: *kōlian
  - Middle Low German: kö̂len, koilen, kůlen
    - German Low German: köhlen
- Old Dutch: *cuolen
  - Middle Dutch: coelen
    - Dutch: koelen
      - Afrikaans: koel
    - Limburgish: keule
- Old High German: kuolen
  - Middle High German: küelen
    - Alemannic German: chüele
    - Bavarian: kuin, kühn
    - Central Franconian: köhle, kehle, kiehle
      - Luxembourgish: killen
    - German: kühlen
Old Norse: kœla, kǿla
- Danish: køle
- Faroese: køla
- Icelandic: kæla
- Norwegian: kjøle
- Swedish: kyla

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kōlu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299: “*kōljan-”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kōljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 219

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kōlu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299: “*kōljan-”

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kōljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 219

[1]

[2]