Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalbōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kalbaz (calf) +‎ *-ōną.

Verb

*kalbōną

  1. to calve

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kalbō *kalbǭ *kalbōi ?
2nd singular *kalbōsi *kalbōs *kalbō *kalbōsai *kalbōsau
3rd singular *kalbōþi *kalbō *kalbōþau *kalbōþai *kalbōþau
1st dual *kalbōs *kalbōw
2nd dual *kalbōþiz *kalbōþiz *kalbōþiz
1st plural *kalbōmaz *kalbōm *kalbōnþai *kalbōnþau
2nd plural *kalbōþ *kalbōþ *kalbōþ *kalbōnþai *kalbōnþau
3rd plural *kalbōnþi *kalbōn *kalbōnþau *kalbōnþai *kalbōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kalbōdǭ *kalbōdēdį̄
2nd singular *kalbōdēz *kalbōdēdīz
3rd singular *kalbōdē *kalbōdēdī
1st dual *kalbōdēdū *kalbōdēdīw
2nd dual *kalbōdēdudiz *kalbōdēdīdiz
1st plural *kalbōdēdum *kalbōdēdīm
2nd plural *kalbōdēdud *kalbōdēdīd
3rd plural *kalbōdēdun *kalbōdēdīn
present past
participles *kalbōndz *kalbōdaz
  • *kalbijaną
    • Old Norse: kelfa
      • Icelandic: kelfa
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: kjelva, kjelve
      • Danish: kælve

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kalbōn
    • Old English: ċealfian
    • Old Frisian: *kālia
      • Saterland Frisian: koolvje
      • West Frisian: kealje
    • Old Saxon: *kalvōn
    • Old Dutch: *calvon
      • Middle Dutch: calven
    • Old High German: *kalbōn
  • Old Norse: *kalfa