Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klinaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y- (to smear, glue). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *glināti (to glue).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkli.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klinaną[1]

  1. to stick, glue
  2. to smear, paste

Inflection

The present tense forms have the zero grade vowel -i- rather than -ī-.

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klinō *klinaų *klinai ?
2nd singular *klinizi *klinaiz *klin *klinazai *klinaizau
3rd singular *klinidi *klinai *klinadau *klinadai *klinaidau
1st dual *klinōz *klinaiw
2nd dual *klinadiz *klinaidiz *klinadiz
1st plural *klinamaz *klinaim *klinandai *klinaindau
2nd plural *klinid *klinaid *klinid *klinandai *klinaindau
3rd plural *klinandi *klinain *klinandau *klinandai *klinaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klain *klinį̄
2nd singular *klaint *klinīz
3rd singular *klain *klinī
1st dual *klinū *klinīw
2nd dual *klinudiz *klinīdiz
1st plural *klinum *klinīm
2nd plural *klinud *klinīd
3rd plural *klinun *klinīn
present past
participles *klinandz *klinanaz

Derived terms

  • *klainį̄
  • *klainiz
    • Proto-West Germanic: *klainī
  • *klainō

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *klenan
    • Old Saxon: *klenan
      • Old Saxon: biklenan (to spread, stain)
    • Old High German: klenan
      • Middle High German: klenen
  • Old Norse: klina (weak verb) (< *klinjaną)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*klenanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216