Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klībaną

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klibāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ- (“to stick”). Cognate with Latvian gliêbtiês (“to cling”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkliː.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klībaną^[1]^[2]

to stick, cling to

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*klībō	*klībaų	—	*klībai	?
2nd singular	*klībizi	*klībaiz	*klīb	*klībazai	*klībaizau
3rd singular	*klībidi	*klībai	*klībadau	*klībadai	*klībaidau
1st dual	*klībōz	*klībaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*klībadiz	*klībaidiz	*klībadiz	—	—
1st plural	*klībamaz	*klībaim	—	*klībandai	*klībaindau
2nd plural	*klībid	*klībaid	*klībid	*klībandai	*klībaindau
3rd plural	*klībandi	*klībain	*klībandau	*klībandai	*klībaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klaib	*klibį̄
2nd singular	*klaift	*klibīz
3rd singular	*klaib	*klibī
1st dual	*klibū	*klibīw
2nd dual	*klibudiz	*klibīdiz
1st plural	*klibum	*klibīm
2nd plural	*klibud	*klibīd
3rd plural	*klibun	*klibīn

	present	past
participles	*klībandz	*klibanaz

Derived terms

*klaibijaną
*klaibō
*klibāną
*klibraz
*klibą
*klimbaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *klīban
- Old English: clīfan
  - Middle English: cleven (conflated with *klibēn)
    - English: cleave
    - Scots: cleve, cleif
  - Middle English: cliven, clyven (merged with Old Norse klífa)
    - English: clive
- Old Frisian: klīva
  - ⇒ West Frisian: kleve (weak verb)
- Old Saxon: *klīban, *klīvan
  - Middle Low German: klîven
    - German Low German: klieven
- Old Dutch: *clīvan
  - Middle Dutch: cliven
    - Dutch: klijven
- Old High German: klīban
  - Middle High German: klīben
    - German: kleiben (archaic)
Old Norse: klífa
- Icelandic: klífa
- Faroese: kliva
- Norwegian Nynorsk: kliva
- Old Swedish: klīva
  - Swedish: kliva
- Old Danish: klivæ
  - Danish: klyve
- Elfdalian: klaiva

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*klīban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 292-293
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*klībanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*klīban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 292-293

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*klībanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 216

[1]

[2]