Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knēaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”), the same root as *kunnaną, but the exact mode of derivation is unclear. It may reflect a back-formation from an older *knō-, which could be an original perfective or stative formation.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈknɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*knēaną[1]
- to know, recognise, understand
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *knēō | *knēaų | — | *knēai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *knēizi | *knēaiz | *knē | *knēazai | *knēaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *knēidi | *knēai | *knēadau | *knēadai | *knēaidau | |
| 1st dual | *knēōz | *knēaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *knēadiz | *knēaidiz | *knēadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *knēamaz | *knēaim | — | *knēandai | *knēaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *knēid | *knēaid | *knēid | *knēandai | *knēaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *knēandi | *knēain | *knēandau | *knēandai | *knēaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *keknō | *keknōį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *keknōt | *keknōīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *keknō | *keknōī | ||||
| 1st dual | *keknōū | *keknōīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *keknōudiz | *keknōīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *keknōum | *keknōīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *keknōud | *keknōīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *keknōun | *keknōīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *knēandz | *knēanaz | ||||
Related terms
- *kannijaną
- *knawaz
- *knēdiz
- *knēiz
- *kunnaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *knāan
- Old Norse: kná (present indicative form) (a defective verb; present infinitive *knega is unattested)
- Icelandic: knega