Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).[1]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈkun.nɑ.nɑ̃/

    Verb

    *kunnaną

    1. to know, to be familiar with, to recognise
    2. to know how, to be able to

    Inflection

    Conjugation of (preterite-present)
    active voice passive voice
    present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *kann *kunnį̄ — — —
    2nd singular *kannt *kunnīz — — —
    3rd singular *kann *kunnī — — —
    1st dual *kunnū *kunnīw — — —
    2nd dual *kunnudiz *kunnīdiz — — —
    1st plural *kunnum *kunnīm — — —
    2nd plural *kunnud *kunnīd — — —
    3rd plural *kunnun *kunnīn — — —
    past tense indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *kunþǭ *kunþēdį̄
    2nd singular *kunþēz *kunþēdīz
    3rd singular *kunþē *kunþēdī
    1st dual *kunþēdū *kunþēdīw
    2nd dual *kunþēdudiz *kunþēdīdiz
    1st plural *kunþēdum *kunþēdīm
    2nd plural *kunþēdud *kunþēdīd
    3rd plural *kunþēdun *kunþēdīn
    present past
    participles *kunnandz *kunþaz

    Usage notes

    The main distinction between *kunnaną and *maganą is that the former deals with one's own capabilities, whereas the latter indicates ability due to favourable circumstances not under one's control.

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kunnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 311
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