Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krīskaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *grey- (“to shout”), which appears to be related to *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”); see also *krēaną (“to crow, shout”),^[1] *krītaną (“to call out, scream”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkriːskɑnɑ̃/

Verb

*krīskaną (West Germanic)

to scream, shout, screech

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*krīskō	*krīskaų	—	*krīskai	?
2nd singular	*krīskizi	*krīskaiz	*krīsk	*krīskazai	*krīskaizau
3rd singular	*krīskidi	*krīskai	*krīskadau	*krīskadai	*krīskaidau
1st dual	*krīskōz	*krīskaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*krīskadiz	*krīskaidiz	*krīskadiz	—	—
1st plural	*krīskamaz	*krīskaim	—	*krīskandai	*krīskaindau
2nd plural	*krīskid	*krīskaid	*krīskid	*krīskandai	*krīskaindau
3rd plural	*krīskandi	*krīskain	*krīskandau	*krīskandai	*krīskaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kraisk	*kriskį̄
2nd singular	*kraist	*kriskīz
3rd singular	*kraisk	*kriskī
1st dual	*kriskū	*kriskīw
2nd dual	*kriskudiz	*kriskīdiz
1st plural	*kriskum	*kriskīm
2nd plural	*kriskud	*kriskīd
3rd plural	*kriskun	*kriskīn

	present	past
participles	*krīskandz	*kriskanaz

Related terms

*krītaną
*krīstaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *krīskan
- Old Saxon: *krīskan
  - Middle Low German: krîschen, krissen, krisken, kreisen, krêsen
- Old Dutch: *crīscan
  - Middle Dutch: criscen, crischen
    - Dutch: krijsen
      - Afrikaans: krys
      - West Frisian: krieze
        ⇒ West Frisian: kryskje
    - Limburgish: kriesje, kriese
- → Old French: crincier
  - Middle French: crincier
    - French: crincer
  - ⇒ Old French: recrincier
  - ⇒ Old French: crinçon
- Old High German: *krīskan
  - Middle High German: krīschen
    - German: kreischen (weak, probably through merger with the causative < MHG kreischen)
    - Central Franconian: kriesche, kreische
      - Luxembourgish: kräischen
      - Hunsrik: kreische

References

^ Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “kreischen”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

[1] Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “kreischen”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

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