Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krakjaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *grā- (“to crow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkrɑ.kjɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*krakjaną
- (West Germanic) to crack; crackle; shriek
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *krakjō | *krakjaų | — | *krakjai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *krakisi | *krakjais | *kraki | *krakjasai | *krakjaisau | |
| 3rd singular | *krakiþi | *krakjai | *krakjaþau | *krakjaþai | *krakjaiþau | |
| 1st dual | *krakjōs | *krakjaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *krakjaþiz | *krakjaiþiz | *krakjaþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *krakjamaz | *krakjaim | — | *krakjanþai | *krakjainþau | |
| 2nd plural | *krakiþ | *krakjaiþ | *krakiþ | *krakjanþai | *krakjainþau | |
| 3rd plural | *krakjanþi | *krakjain | *krakjanþau | *krakjanþai | *krakjainþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *krakidǭ | *krakidēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *krakidēz | *krakidēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *krakidē | *krakidēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *krakidēdū | *krakidēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *krakidēdudiz | *krakidēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *krakidēdum | *krakidēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *krakidēdud | *krakidēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *krakidēdun | *krakidēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *krakjandz | *krakidaz | ||||
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *krakkjan
- Old English: *cræċċan, *ċiercan, ċircan
- Old Dutch: *krekken, *kreken
- Old High German: krehhen, krechen, krekken, krecken
- Middle High German: krechen