Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krumpaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*krumbaz

Etymology

Uncertain. Kroonen considers the word a secondary adjectival formation from *krimpaną (“to shrink, draw back”),^[1] with Pfeifer adducing Proto-Slavic *grǫbъ (“coarse, rude”) as a cognate.^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkrum.pɑz/

Adjective

*krumpaz

bent, crooked, curved

Inflection

Declension of *krumpaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*krumpaz	*krumpō	krumpą, -at(ō)	*krumpai	*krumpôz	*krumpō
accusative	*krumpanǭ	*krumpǭ	krumpą, -at(ō)	*krumpanz	*krumpōz	*krumpō
genitive	krumpas, krumpis	*krumpaizōz	krumpas, krumpis	*krumpaizǫ̂	*krumpaizǫ̂	*krumpaizǫ̂
dative	*krumpammai	*krumpaizōi	*krumpammai	*krumpaimaz	*krumpaimaz	*krumpaimaz
instrumental	*krumpanō	*krumpaizō	*krumpanō	*krumpaimiz	*krumpaimiz	*krumpaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*krumpô	*krumpǭ	*krumpô	*krumpaniz	*krumpōniz	*krumpōnō
accusative	*krumpanų	*krumpōnų	*krumpô	*krumpanunz	*krumpōnunz	*krumpōnō
genitive	*krumpiniz	*krumpōniz	*krumpiniz	*krumpanǫ̂	*krumpōnǫ̂	*krumpanǫ̂
dative	*krumpini	*krumpōni	*krumpini	*krumpammaz	*krumpōmaz	*krumpammaz
instrumental	*krumpinē	*krumpōnē	*krumpinē	*krumpammiz	*krumpōmiz	*krumpammiz

Related terms

*krampô (possibly)
*krimpaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *krump, *krumb
- Old English: crump, crumb
  - Middle English: crumb, crombe, croume, crump, cromp
    - English: crump
    - Scots: crom
      - ⇒ Scots: crummet, crommat
- Old Frisian: krumb
  - Saterland Frisian: kruum
  - West Frisian: krom, krûm
- Old Saxon: krumb
  - Middle Low German: krumm, krum
    - German Low German: krumm
- Old Dutch: krumb, crumb (in placenames)
  - Middle Dutch: crump, cromb, cromp, crom
    - Dutch: krom
    - → French: cromb, cron, kromp (dialectal)
      - ⇒ French: cronbin
- Old High German: krumb, krumpf, krumm
  - Middle High German: krump, krimpf, krum
    - Cimbrian: khrómp
    - German: krumm
    - Hunsrik: krumm
    - Luxembourgish: kromm
→ Proto-Celtic: *krumbos
- Proto-Brythonic: *krum
  - Old Breton: crum
    - Middle Breton: crom, croum
  - Cornish: crom
  - Middle Welsh: crwm
    - Welsh: crwm
- Old Irish: cromb
  - Middle Irish: cromm
    - Irish: crom
    - Manx: croym
    - Scottish Gaelic: crom

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*krumba- ~ *krumpa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307
^ Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “krumm”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*krumba- ~ *krumpa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 307

[2] Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “krumm”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

[1]

[2]