crom

See also: Crom and cróm

Catalan

Chemical element
Cr
Previous: vanadi (V)
Next: manganès (Mn)

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrew- (“to grind, rub”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈkɾom]
  • Audio (Valencia):(file)

Noun

crom m (uncountable)

  1. chromium

Further reading

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish cromm, from Old Irish cromb (“bent, stooped”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *krumbos, from Proto-Germanic *krumbaz (whence German krumm and Dutch krom). The verb is from Old Irish crommaid (“to bend down, stoop”), from the adjective.

Pronunciation

Adjective

crom (genitive singular masculine croim, genitive singular feminine croime, plural croma, comparative croime)

  1. bent down, bent over, stooped, hunched

Declension

Declension of crom
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative crom chrom croma;
chroma2
vocative chroim croma
genitive croime croma crom
dative crom;
chrom1 		chrom;
chroim (archaic) 		croma;
chroma2
Comparative níos croime
Superlative is croime

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Verb

crom (present analytic cromann, future analytic cromfaidh, verbal noun cromadh, past participle cromtha)

  1. to bend over, stoop

Conjugation

conjugation of crom (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun cromadh
past participle cromtha
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present cromaim cromann tú;
cromair† 		cromann sé, sí cromaimid cromann sibh cromann siad;
cromaid† 		a chromann; a chromas /
a gcromann* 		cromtar
past chrom mé; chromas chrom tú; chromais chrom sé, sí chromamar; chrom muid chrom sibh; chromabhair chrom siad; chromadar a chrom /
ar chrom* 		cromadh
past habitual chromainn / gcromainn‡‡ chromtá / gcromtᇇ chromadh sé, sí / gcromadh sé, s퇇 chromaimis; chromadh muid / gcromaimis‡‡; gcromadh muid‡‡ chromadh sibh / gcromadh sibh‡‡ chromaidís; chromadh siad / gcromaidís‡‡; gcromadh siad‡‡ a chromadh /
a gcromadh* 		chromtaí / gcromta퇇
future cromfaidh mé;
cromfad 		cromfaidh tú;
cromfair† 		cromfaidh sé, sí cromfaimid;
cromfaidh muid 		cromfaidh sibh cromfaidh siad;
cromfaid† 		a chromfaidh; a chromfas /
a gcromfaidh* 		cromfar
conditional chromfainn / gcromfainn‡‡ chromfá / gcromfᇇ chromfadh sé, sí / gcromfadh sé, s퇇 chromfaimis; chromfadh muid / gcromfaimis‡‡; gcromfadh muid‡‡ chromfadh sibh / gcromfadh sibh‡‡ chromfaidís; chromfadh siad / gcromfaidís‡‡; gcromfadh siad‡‡ a chromfadh /
a gcromfadh* 		chromfaí / gcromfa퇇
subjunctive
present go gcroma mé;
go gcromad† 		go gcroma tú;
go gcromair† 		go gcroma sé, sí go gcromaimid;
go gcroma muid 		go gcroma sibh go gcroma siad;
go gcromaid† 		— go gcromtar
past dá gcromainn dá gcromtá dá gcromadh sé, sí dá gcromaimis;
dá gcromadh muid 		dá gcromadh sibh dá gcromaidís;
dá gcromadh siad 		— dá gcromtaí
imperative
– cromaim crom cromadh sé, sí cromaimis cromaigí;
cromaidh† 		cromaidís — cromtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of crom
radical lenition eclipsis
crom chrom gcrom

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cromm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, § 33 (b), page 41
  3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 164
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ó Máille, T. S. (1974) Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word List from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press, →ISBN, page 59
  5. ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], § 176 note 1, page 76
  6. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 291, page 104

Further reading

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *krumb, from Proto-Germanic *krumbaz.

Adjective

crom

  1. bent, not straight
  2. wrong (morally)

Inflection

Adjective
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative indefinite crom cromme crom cromme
definite cromme cromme
accusative indefinite crommen cromme crom cromme
definite cromme
genitive indefinite croms crommer croms crommer
definite croms, crommen croms, crommen
dative crommen crommer crommen crommen

Alternative forms

  • cromp

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Dutch: krom
  • Limburgish: krómp

Further reading

Middle English

Noun

crom

  1. alternative form of crome

Romanian

Chemical element
Cr
Previous: vanadiu (V)
Next: mangan (Mn)

Etymology

Borrowed from French chrome, from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreu (“to grind, rub”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /krom/

Noun

crom n (uncountable)

  1. chromium (chemical element)

Declension

Declension of crom
singular only indefinite definite
nominative-accusative crom cromul
genitive-dative crom cromului
vocative cromule

References

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish cromm, from Old Irish cromb (“bent, stooped”), from Proto-Celtic *krumbos, from Proto-Germanic *krumbaz. The verb is from Old Irish crommaid (“to bend down, stoop”), from the adjective.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʰɾɔum/

Adjective

crom (comparative cruime)

  1. bent, curved, crooked, round

Synonyms

Verb

crom (past chrom, future cromaidh, verbal noun cromadh, past participle cromte)

  1. bend, curve
  2. bow, stoop
  3. crouch
  4. nod

Synonyms

Vietnamese

Chemical element
Cr
Previous: vanađi (V)
Next: mangan (Mn)

Etymology

From French chrome.

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [kɹom˧˧], [kəː˨˩ ɹom˧˧] ~ [kəː˨˩ zom˧˧]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [kɹom˧˧], [kəː˦˩ ɹom˧˧]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [kɹom˧˧], [kəː˨˩ ɹom˧˧]
  • Phonetic spelling: crôm, cờ Rôm

Noun

crom

  1. chromium

Welsh

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /krɔm/
  • Rhymes: -ɔm

Adjective

crom f

  1. feminine singular of crwm (“curved”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of crom
radical soft nasal aspirate
crom grom nghrom chrom

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “crom”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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