Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lībaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
According to Kroonen from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to stick”), although the appearance of the voiced (unstressed) Verner alternant b is unexpected. The verb may be back-formed from an older verb with the voiced alternant, such as *libjaną.[1]
Less likely, from Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ- (“to leave, remain, be left”).[2]
See also *librō (“liver”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈliː.βɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *lībō | *lībaų | — | *lībai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *lībizi | *lībaiz | *līb | *lībazai | *lībaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *lībidi | *lībai | *lībadau | *lībadai | *lībaidau | |
| 1st dual | *lībōz | *lībaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *lībadiz | *lībaidiz | *lībadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *lībamaz | *lībaim | — | *lībandai | *lībaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *lībid | *lībaid | *lībid | *lībandai | *lībaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *lībandi | *lībain | *lībandau | *lībandai | *lībaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *laib | *libį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *laift | *libīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *laib | *libī | ||||
| 1st dual | *libū | *libīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *libudiz | *libīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *libum | *libīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *libud | *libīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *libun | *libīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *lībandz | *libanaz | ||||
Derived terms
Descendants
There are no attested descendants of this word, but it must have existed because the causative and inchoative derived from it are attested in several languages.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*līban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 335
- ^ Schmidt, Gernot (1962) Studien zum germanischen Adverb, Ernst-Reuter-Gesellschaft der Förderer und Freunde der Freien Universität Berlin
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*lībanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 247