Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leykʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*leykʷ- (perfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

to leave

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leykʷ- (33 c, 0 e)

*léykʷ-t ~ *likʷ-ént (athematic root aorist)^[3]
*likʷ-é-t (thematic root aorist)^[5]^[6]
*li-né-kʷ-ti ~ *li-n-kʷ-énti (nasal-infix present)^[3]
*le-lóykʷ-e ~ *le-likʷ-ḗr (stative)^[3]
*loykʷ-éye-ti (causative)^[7]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: làicît
  - Lithuanian: laikýti
  - Old Prussian: laikūt
- Proto-Germanic: *laigijaną (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *laibijaną
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *rayčáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *rayćáyati
    - Sanskrit: रेचयति (recáyati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *rayčáyati
    - Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (raēcaiieⁱti)
*likʷ-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *riktás (see there for further descendants)
*lóykʷ-no-
- Proto-Germanic: *laihną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráyknas (see there for further descendants)
*loykʷ-ó-s

Unsorted formations

Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: likt (“to lay, put”), lieks (“superfluous, excessive”)
- Lithuanian: likti (“to stay”)
- Slavic:
  - Russian: лишать (lišatʹ, “to deprive, rob, divest”) from *leykso-
- → Proto-Finnic: *liika (“excess”) (see there for further descendants)
Celtic:
- Pictish:
  - → Scottish Gaelic: dìleab^[8]
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ἔκλειψις (ékleipsis, “disappearance; eclipse”)
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: रिक्थ (rikthá), ऋक्थ (ṛktha)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*leik^u̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 669-670
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*lei̯k^u̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 406-408
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 451-3
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 845
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 310
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “laikyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 269
^ Rhys, Guto (2015): Approaching the Pictish language: historiography, early evidence and the question of Pritenic

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*leik^u̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 669-670

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*lei̯k^u̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 406-408

[Ringe_2006-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[4] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 451-3

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 845

[6] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 310

[7] Derksen, Rick (2015) “laikyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 269

[8] Rhys, Guto (2015): Approaching the Pictish language: historiography, early evidence and the question of Pritenic

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]