Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/loykʷós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *leykʷ- (“to leave behind”) +‎ *-ós (deverbal adjective suffix).

Adjective

*loykʷós^[1]^[2]

remaining, leftover

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*loykʷós	*loykʷéh₂
genitive	*loykʷósyo	*loykʷéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*loykʷós	*loykʷóh₁	*loykʷóes
vocative	*loykʷé	*loykʷóh₁	*loykʷóes
accusative	*loykʷóm	*loykʷóh₁	*loykʷóms
genitive	*loykʷósyo	*?	*loykʷóHom
ablative	*loykʷéad	*?	loykʷómos, loykʷóbʰos
dative	*loykʷóey	*?	loykʷómos, loykʷóbʰos
locative	loykʷéy, loykʷóy	*?	*loykʷóysu
instrumental	*loykʷóh₁	*?	*loykʷṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*loykʷéh₂	*loykʷéh₂h₁(e)	*loykʷéh₂es
vocative	*loykʷéh₂	*loykʷéh₂h₁(e)	*loykʷéh₂es
accusative	*loykʷā́m	*loykʷéh₂h₁(e)	*loykʷéh₂m̥s
genitive	*loykʷéh₂s	*?	*loykʷéh₂oHom
ablative	*loykʷéh₂s	*?	loykʷéh₂mos, loykʷéh₂bʰos
dative	*loykʷéh₂ey	*?	loykʷéh₂mos, loykʷéh₂bʰos
locative	loykʷéh₂, loykʷéh₂i	*?	*loykʷéh₂su
instrumental	*loykʷéh₂h₁	*?	loykʷéh₂mis, loykʷéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*loykʷóm	*loykʷóy(h₁)	*loykʷéh₂
vocative	*loykʷóm	*loykʷóy(h₁)	*loykʷéh₂
accusative	*loykʷóm	*loykʷóy(h₁)	*loykʷéh₂
genitive	*loykʷósyo	*?	*loykʷóHom
ablative	*loykʷéad	*?	loykʷómos, loykʷóbʰos
dative	*loykʷóey	*?	loykʷómos, loykʷóbʰos
locative	loykʷéy, loykʷóy	*?	*loykʷóysu
instrumental	*loykʷóh₁	*?	*loykʷṓys

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lajkás
- Latgalian: laiks
- Latvian: laiks (“time”)
- Lithuanian: lai̇̃kas (“time”), ⇒ atlaikas (“remains”)
- Proto-Slavic:
  - Old Church Slavonic: отлѣкъ (otlěkŭ, “remains”)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: λοιπός (loipós)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *raykás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - ⇒ Sanskrit: अतिरेक (atireká, “surplus, excess”), प्ररेक (prareká, “abundance, plenty”)

References

^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 451-452
^ Nussbaum, Alan (2017) “Agentive and Other Derivatives of “τόμος-Type” Nouns”, in Claire Le Feuvre, Daniel Petit and Georges-Jean Pinault, editors, Verbal Adjectives and Participles in Indo-European Languages. Proceedings of the Arbeitstagung of the Indo-European Society, Paris, 24–26 September 2014, Bremen: Hempen, page 240

[1] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 451-452

[2] Nussbaum, Alan (2017) “Agentive and Other Derivatives of “τόμος-Type” Nouns”, in Claire Le Feuvre, Daniel Petit and Georges-Jean Pinault, editors, Verbal Adjectives and Participles in Indo-European Languages. Proceedings of the Arbeitstagung of the Indo-European Society, Paris, 24–26 September 2014, Bremen: Hempen, page 240

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