Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *laubō (“permission”) +‎ *-janą.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlɑu̯.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*laubijaną

  1. to allow, approve of
  2. to commend, laud, praise

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *laubijō *laubijaų — *laubijai ?
2nd singular *laubīsi *laubijais *laubī *laubijasai *laubijaisau
3rd singular *laubīþi *laubijai *laubijaþau *laubijaþai *laubijaiþau
1st dual *laubijōs *laubijaiw — — —
2nd dual *laubijaþiz *laubijaiþiz *laubijaþiz — —
1st plural *laubijamaz *laubijaim — *laubijanþai *laubijainþau
2nd plural *laubīþ *laubijaiþ *laubīþ *laubijanþai *laubijainþau
3rd plural *laubijanþi *laubijain *laubijanþau *laubijanþai *laubijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *laubidǭ *laubidēdį̄
2nd singular *laubidēz *laubidēdīz
3rd singular *laubidē *laubidēdī
1st dual *laubidēdū *laubidēdīw
2nd dual *laubidēdudiz *laubidēdīdiz
1st plural *laubidēdum *laubidēdīm
2nd plural *laubidēdud *laubidēdīd
3rd plural *laubidēdun *laubidēdīn
present past
participles *laubijandz *laubidaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *laubijan
    • Old English: līefan, lȳfan
    • Old Frisian: lēva
      • North Frisian: leauwjen
      • Saterland Frisian: leeuwe; loowje, lööwje
      • West Frisian: leauwe (?)
    • Old Saxon: lōvian
    • Old Dutch: *lōven
      • Middle Dutch: lôven
        • Dutch: loven (to believe, dialectal)
    • Old High German: *louben
      • Middle High German: louben
        • German: lauben
  • Old Norse: leyfa

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*lauƀjanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238
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