Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mēlāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Related to *mēlą (“stain, mark, spot”) +‎ *-āną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɛː.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*mēlāną^[1]

to stain
to paint

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*mēlō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*mēlaisi	?	*mēlai	*mēlāsai	?
3rd singular	*mēlaiþi	?	*mēlāþau	*mēlāþai	?
1st dual	*mēlōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*mēlāþiz	?	*mēlāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*mēlāmaz	?	—	*mēlānþai	?
2nd plural	*mēlaiþ	?	*mēlaiþ	*mēlānþai	?
3rd plural	*mēlānþi	?	*mēlānþau	*mēlānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*mēladǭ	*mēladēdį̄
2nd singular	*mēladēz	*mēladēdīz
3rd singular	*mēladē	*mēladēdī
1st dual	*mēladēdū	*mēladēdīw
2nd dual	*mēladēdudiz	*mēladēdīdiz
1st plural	*mēladēdum	*mēladēdīm
2nd plural	*mēladēdud	*mēladēdīd
3rd plural	*mēladēdun	*mēladēdīn

	present	past
participles	*mēlāndz	*mēladaz

Alternative reconstructions

*mēlōną^[2]

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *mālēn
- Old Frisian: mēlia
  - West Frisian: mielje
  - Saterland Frisian: moalje
- Old Saxon: mālōn
  - Middle Low German: mâlen
    - German Low German: malen
    - → Danish: male
    - → Old Swedish: māla
      - Swedish: måla
- Old Dutch: *mālon
  - Middle Dutch: mâlen
    - Dutch: malen
    - Limburgish: maole
- Old High German: mālēn
  - Middle High German: mālen
    - German: malen
    - → Polish: malować
    - Yiddish: מאָלן (moln)
Old Norse: mála
- Icelandic: mála
- Faroese: mála
- Norwegian Nynorsk: måla, måle
- Norwegian Bokmål: male
- Swedish: måla
- Danish: male

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*mēljanan ~ *mēlēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 270
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*mēla- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182: “*mēlōjan-”

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*mēljanan ~ *mēlēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 270

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*mēla- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182: “*mēlōjan-”

[1]

[2]