Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niwjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *niwjaz (“new”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈniu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*niwjaną^[1]

to make new, renew

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*niwjō	*niwjaų	—	*niwjai	?
2nd singular	*niwisi	*niwjais	*niwi	*niwjasai	*niwjaisau
3rd singular	*niwiþi	*niwjai	*niwjaþau	*niwjaþai	*niwjaiþau
1st dual	*niwjōs	*niwjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*niwjaþiz	*niwjaiþiz	*niwjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*niwjamaz	*niwjaim	—	*niwjanþai	*niwjainþau
2nd plural	*niwiþ	*niwjaiþ	*niwiþ	*niwjanþai	*niwjainþau
3rd plural	*niwjanþi	*niwjain	*niwjanþau	*niwjanþai	*niwjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*niwidǭ	*niwidēdį̄
2nd singular	*niwidēz	*niwidēdīz
3rd singular	*niwidē	*niwidēdī
1st dual	*niwidēdū	*niwidēdīw
2nd dual	*niwidēdudiz	*niwidēdīdiz
1st plural	*niwidēdum	*niwidēdīm
2nd plural	*niwidēdud	*niwidēdīd
3rd plural	*niwidēdun	*niwidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*niwjandz	*niwidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *niuwjan
- Old Saxon: niuwian
  - Middle Low German: nǖwen, nīen (conflated with *niwjōną/*niuwjōn)
- Old High German: niuwen
  - Middle High German: niuwen (conflated with *niwjōną/*niuwjōn)
Old Norse: *nýa
- ⇒ Old East Norse: aternýa
Gothic: *𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*niujan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ananiujan)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*neujanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 284

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*neujanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 284

[1]