Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/niuwjōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *niwjōną. Equivalent to *niwi (“new”) +‎ *-ōn.

Verb

*niuwjōn

to renew, to make new

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*niuwjōn
1st sg. past	*niuwjōdā
Infinitive	*niuwjōn
Genitive infin.	*niuwjōnijas
Dative infin.	*niuwjōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*niuwjōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*niuwjō	*niuwjōdā
2nd singular	*niuwjōs	niuwjōdēs, niuwjōdōs
3rd singular	*niuwjōþ	niuwjōdē, niuwjōdā
1st plural	*niuwjōm	*niuwjōdum
2nd plural	*niuwjōþ	*niuwjōdud
3rd plural	*niuwjōnþ	*niuwjōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*niuwjō	*niuwjōdī
2nd singular	*niuwjōs	*niuwjōdī
3rd singular	*niuwjō	*niuwjōdī
1st plural	*niuwjōm	*niuwjōdīm
2nd plural	*niuwjōþ	*niuwjōdīd
3rd plural	*niuwjōn	*niuwjōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*niuwjō
Plural	*niuwjōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*niuwjōndī	*niuwjōd

Related terms

*niuwjan

Descendants

Old English: nīewian, nīwian, nēowian, nīwiġan
- Middle English: newen
  - English: new
  - Scots: neu, new
  - ⇒ Middle English: anewen
  - ⇒ Middle English: renewen
    - English: renew
    - Scots: renew
Old Frisian: nīa
- ⇒ Old Frisian: fornīa
  - Saterland Frisian: fernäije
  - West Frisian: fernije
- ⇒ Old Frisian: urnīa
Old Saxon: *niuwōn
- Middle Low German: nü̂wen, nîgen, nîen
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîen, vornîen, vorniegen, vornigen, vorniggen, vernîen
    - German Low German: vernejen, vernien, verneen
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîeren, vörnü̂weren
Old Dutch: *niuwon
- Middle Dutch: niewen
  - Dutch: nieuwen (dialectal)
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: verniewen, verniën
    - Dutch: vernieuwen
Old High German: niuwōn
- Middle High German: niuwen
  - German: neuen (archaic)
  - ⇒ Middle High German: verniuwen, verniun, vernūen, vernūwen, vernuowen, ferniuwen
    - German: verneuen (archaic)
    - ⇒ Middle High German: verniuweren, verniuwern, ferniuwern
      - German: verneuern (archaic)
- ⇒ Old High German: irniuwōn
  - Middle High German: erniuwen, irniuwen, erniuen, irniuen, ernūwen, irnūwen
    - German: erneuen (archaic)
    - ⇒ Middle High German: erniuweren, erniuwern, irniuwern, ernūwern, irwūwern
      - German: erneuern