Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/niwi

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *niwjaz.

Adjective

*niwi (comparative *niwiʀō, superlative *niwist)^[1]

new

Inflection

ja-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*niwi
Genitive	*niuwjas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*niwi	*niuwju	*niwi
Accusative	*niuwjanā	*niuwjā	*niwi
Genitive	*niuwjas	*niuwjeʀā	*niuwjas
Dative	*niuwjumē	*niuwjeʀē	*niuwjumē
Instrumental	*niuwju	*niuwjeʀu	*niuwju
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*niuwjē	*niuwjō	*niuwju
Accusative	*niuwjā	*niuwjā	*niuwju
Genitive	*niuwjeʀō	*niuwjeʀō	*niuwjeʀō
Dative	niuwjēm, niuwjum	niuwjēm, niuwjum	niuwjēm, niuwjum
Instrumental	niuwjēm, niuwjum	niuwjēm, niuwjum	niuwjēm, niuwjum

Related terms

*niuwjalīk
*niuwjan
*niuwjōn

Descendants

Old English: nīewe, nīwe, nēowe, nīowe
- Middle English: newe, new, neue, nywe, neowe (Early Middle English or West Midlands)
  - English: new
  - Scots: new
Old Frisian: nīe
- North Frisian: nei
- Saterland Frisian: näi
- West Frisian: nij
Old Saxon: niuwi
- Middle Low German: nîe, nîge, nü̂we
  - Dutch Low Saxon: nij
  - Low German: nee, nie, neu
  - German Low German: nü, nüe, nii, nee, neei
  - Plautdietsch: nie
Old Dutch: niuwi
- Middle Dutch: niewe, neuwe, newe, niwe, nuwe, niew
  - Dutch: nieuw, nie (Eastern Netherlands), nij (Frisian, eastern & northern Netherlands), nieuwt (dialectal, originally neuter), nouw (Holland, dialectal), nuw (Holland), nuwt (Holland, dialectal, originally neuter)
    - Afrikaans: nuwe, nuut
    - Javindo: nuwe
    - Jersey Dutch: njuew
    - Negerhollands: nieuw, niw
  - Limburgish: nuuj
Old High German: niuwi, niuwe, niwe, niwi, nuwi
- Middle High German: niuwe, neu, new, newe, niu, niwe, nue, nuge, nuwe, nüewe, núwe, nůw, nůwe
  - Alemannic German: nüüw, nöi, nüü
    - Alsatian: nèi
    - Swabian: nei
    - Walser: niw, niww, nu
  - Bavarian: nei, neich
    - Cimbrian: nòjar, nauk, naüge
    - Gottscheerish: nai
    - Hianzisch: neich
    - Mòcheno: nai
    - Udinese: naie, naje, noi
  - Central Franconian: nei, neu
    - Hunsrik: nei
    - Kölsch: neu
    - Transylvanian Saxon: na
  - East Central German:
    - Silesian East Central German: neu
    - Upper Saxon German: nei
      - Erzgebirgisch: nei
  - East Franconian: nei, neu
  - German: neu
  - Luxembourgish: nei
  - Rhine Franconian:
    - Hessian: nei, neu
    - Palatine German: nau, nei, neu
    - Pennsylvania German: nei
  - Vilamovian: noj
  - Yiddish: נײַ (nay)
  - Zipser German: nai, neu

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 53: “PWGmc *niwi”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 53: “PWGmc *niwi”

[1]