Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīfaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈriː.ɸɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rīfaną[1][2]

  1. to tear, rend

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *rīfō *rīfaų — *rīfai ?
2nd singular *rīfizi *rīfaiz *rīf *rīfazai *rīfaizau
3rd singular *rīfidi *rīfai *rīfadau *rīfadai *rīfaidau
1st dual *rīfōz *rīfaiw — — —
2nd dual *rīfadiz *rīfaidiz *rīfadiz — —
1st plural *rīfamaz *rīfaim — *rīfandai *rīfaindau
2nd plural *rīfid *rīfaid *rīfid *rīfandai *rīfaindau
3rd plural *rīfandi *rīfain *rīfandau *rīfandai *rīfaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *raif *ribį̄
2nd singular *raift *ribīz
3rd singular *raif *ribī
1st dual *ribū *ribīw
2nd dual *ribudiz *ribīdiz
1st plural *ribum *ribīm
2nd plural *ribud *ribīd
3rd plural *ribun *ribīn
present past
participles *rīfandz *ribanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *rīfan
    • Old English: *rīfan
    • Old Frisian: rīva
  • Old Norse: rífa

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rīfan-~*rīpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 412
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rīfanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305
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