Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rippōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *Hripnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *rīfaną/*rīpaną (“to tear”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrip.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rippōną

to tear, tear off

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *ripp- against *rib-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*rippō	*rippǭ	—	*rippōi	?
2nd singular	*rippōsi	*rippōs	*rippō	*rippōsai	*rippōsau
3rd singular	*rippōþi	*rippō	*rippōþau	*rippōþai	*rippōþau
1st dual	*rippōs	*rippōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rippōþiz	*rippōþiz	*rippōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rippōmaz	*rippōm	—	*rippōnþai	*rippōnþau
2nd plural	*rippōþ	*rippōþ	*rippōþ	*rippōnþai	*rippōnþau
3rd plural	*rippōnþi	*rippōn	*rippōnþau	*rippōnþai	*rippōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rippōdǭ	*rippōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*rippōdēz	*rippōdēdīz
3rd singular	*rippōdē	*rippōdēdī
1st dual	*rippōdēdū	*rippōdēdīw
2nd dual	*rippōdēdudiz	*rippōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*rippōdēdum	*rippōdēdīm
2nd plural	*rippōdēdud	*rippōdēdīd
3rd plural	*rippōdēdun	*rippōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*rippōndz	*rippōdaz

Descendants

Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch: repen
  - Dutch: reppen (early modern), rippen
Old High German:
- Middle High German: reffen
  - Rhine Franconian: reffe
Old Norse: *ripa
- Faroese: ripa
- Norwegian: ripe

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN