Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *súHros (“sour, salty, bitter”). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀras (“salty, bitter”), Old Prussian suris (“soured milk cheese”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsuː.rɑz/

Adjective

*sūraz

  1. sour, acidic

Inflection

Declension of *sūraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *sūraz *sūrō *sūrą, -atō *sūrai *sūrôz *sūrō
accusative *sūranǭ *sūrǭ *sūrą, -atō *sūranz *sūrōz *sūrō
genitive *sūras, -is *sūraizōz *sūras, -is *sūraizǫ̂ *sūraizǫ̂ *sūraizǫ̂
dative *sūrammai *sūraizōi *sūrammai *sūraimaz *sūraimaz *sūraimaz
instrumental *sūranō *sūraizō *sūranō *sūraimiz *sūraimiz *sūraimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *sūrô *sūrǭ *sūrô *sūraniz *sūrōniz *sūrōnō
accusative *sūranų *sūrōnų *sūrô *sūranunz *sūrōnunz *sūrōnō
genitive *sūriniz *sūrōniz *sūriniz *sūranǫ̂ *sūrōnǫ̂ *sūranǫ̂
dative *sūrini *sūrōni *sūrini *sūrammaz *sūrōmaz *sūrammaz
instrumental *sūrinē *sūrōnē *sūrinē *sūrammiz *sūrōmiz *sūrammiz

Derived terms

  • *sūrijǭ
  • *sūrą

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *sūr
    • Old English: sūr
      • Middle English: sur, sour
    • Old Frisian: *sūr
      • Saterland Frisian: suur
      • West Frisian: soer
    • Old Saxon: sūr (in compounds)
      • Middle Low German: sūr
    • Old Dutch: *sūr
      • Middle Dutch: suur
        • Dutch: zuur
        • Limburgish: zoer
    • Old High German: sūr
    • → Old French: sur [1160 CE] (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Norse: súrr

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sūra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 493
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