Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sanþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-s (“being, existing”), the present participle of *h₁es- (“to be”) (from which the present forms of *wesaną). Particularly close cognates semantically include Hittite [script needed] (ašant-, “true, real”), Sanskrit सन्त् (sánt, “being, real, good”), Latin sōns (“guilty”).[1] Compare also *sundī (“guilt, misdeed”), an abstract noun derived from *h₁sóntih₂, genitive *h₁sn̥tyéh₂s, the feminine form of the participle.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑn.θɑz/

Adjective

*sanþaz

  1. true, truthful, correct

Inflection

Declension of *sanþaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *sanþaz *sanþō *sanþą, -atō *sanþai *sanþôz *sanþō
accusative *sanþanǭ *sanþǭ *sanþą, -atō *sanþanz *sanþōz *sanþō
genitive *sanþas, -is *sanþaizōz *sanþas, -is *sanþaizǫ̂ *sanþaizǫ̂ *sanþaizǫ̂
dative *sanþammai *sanþaizōi *sanþammai *sanþaimaz *sanþaimaz *sanþaimaz
instrumental *sanþanō *sanþaizō *sanþanō *sanþaimiz *sanþaimiz *sanþaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *sanþô *sanþǭ *sanþô *sanþaniz *sanþōniz *sanþōnō
accusative *sanþanų *sanþōnų *sanþô *sanþanunz *sanþōnunz *sanþōnō
genitive *sanþiniz *sanþōniz *sanþiniz *sanþanǫ̂ *sanþōnǫ̂ *sanþanǫ̂
dative *sanþini *sanþōni *sanþini *sanþammaz *sanþōmaz *sanþammaz
instrumental *sanþinē *sanþōnē *sanþinē *sanþammiz *sanþōmiz *sanþammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *sanþ
    • Old English: sōþ
      • Middle English: soth
    • Old Frisian: sōth
    • Old Saxon: sōth
  • Old Norse: sannr, saðr

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “sanþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 427
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