Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wesaną
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwe.sɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From two different Proto-Indo-European roots:[1]
- The present tense from *h₁ésti, from *h₁es- (“to be”).
- The past tense from *h₂wes- (“to dwell, stay”).
Verb
*wesaną
Inflection
This verb is suppletive. The past and imperative are conjugated with the strong class 5 stem wes-, the remainder with an irregular stem (i)s-.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *immi | *sijǭ | — | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *izi | *sijēs | *wes | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *isti | *sijē | *wesadau | — | — | |
| 1st dual | *izū | *sīw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *izudiz | *sīþiz | *wesadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *izum | *sīm | — | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *izud | *sīþ | *wisid | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *sindi | *sīn | *wesandau | — | — | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *was | *wēzį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *wast | *wēzīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *was | *wēzī | ||||
| 1st dual | *wēzū | *wēzīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *wēzudiz | *wēzīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *wēzum | *wēzīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *wēzud | *wēzīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *wēzun | *wēzīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *wesandz | — | ||||
Derived terms
Descendants
This section only lists descendants of the infinitive form, *wesaną. For other inflections, see the #Inflection section above.
- Proto-West Germanic: *wesan
- Proto-Norse:
- Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (wisan)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to graze”). Related to Proto-Celtic *westā (“food, feast”), Latin vēscor (“to make use of”).[2][3]
Verb
*wesaną
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *wesō | *wesaų | — | *wesai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *wisizi | *wesaiz | *wes | *wesazai | *wesaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *wisidi | *wesai | *wesadau | *wesadai | *wesaidau | |
| 1st dual | *wesōz | *wesaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *wesadiz | *wesaidiz | *wesadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *wesamaz | *wesaim | — | *wesandai | *wesaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *wisid | *wesaid | *wisid | *wesandai | *wesaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *wesandi | *wesain | *wesandau | *wesandai | *wesaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *was | *wēzį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *wast | *wēzīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *was | *wēzī | ||||
| 1st dual | *wēzū | *wēzīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *wēzudiz | *wēzīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *wēzum | *wēzīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *wēzud | *wēzīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *wēzun | *wēzīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *wesandz | *wezanaz | ||||
Derived terms
- *frawesaną
- *wistiz
Descendants
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wesan- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 582
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wesan- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 582
- ^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “WES-A- 2”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, pages 562-63