Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūrō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology 1

Of disputed origin:

From a Proto-Indo-European root variously reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱēwer- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”) or Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱyeh₂w- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”), in the latter case in the ablaut form *(s)ḱyh̥₂u-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sě̀verъ (“north”), Lithuanian šiaurỹs (“north wind”) and Lithuanian šiáurė (“north”). This theory is tentatively supported by Orel,^[1] but rejected by Kroonen, apparently due to the rather tenuous semantics.^[2]
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱew- (“to stir up, excite”); or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced? Particularly: “is this a Pokorny theory?”)
According to Kroonen, from an earlier *skewur, from Proto-Indo-European *skéh₃-ur, the ur-stem of *(s)ḱeh₃- (“shade, shadow”) (which Kroonen reconstructs as *skeh₁-).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskuː.rɔː/

Noun

*skūrō f^[1]^[2]

storm
Synonym: *sturmaz
short shower (of rain / hail)

Inflection

Declension of *skūrō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skūrō	*skūrôz
vocative	*skūrō	*skūrôz
accusative	*skūrǭ	*skūrōz
genitive	*skūrōz	*skūrǫ̂
dative	*skūrōi	*skūrōmaz
instrumental	*skūrō	*skūrōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skūru
- Old English: sċūr f (if not a spurious gender change of *skūr)
  - Middle English: schour, schoure, schowre, schoure, shour, shoure, shower, showre, scur, shur (Early Middle English)
    - English: shower
    - Scots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer
Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍂𐌰 (skūra)
→ Proto-Finnic: *kuuro (see there for further descendants)
→? Finnish: kuura

Etymology 2

Related to an earlier *sku(w)enjō- (whence modern German Scheune (“barn”)),^[2] from *sku(w)en-, possibly from the dative form *sku(w)eni, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skuH-ro-, from *(s)kewH- (“to cover”), related to Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “he covers, protects”).^[3] Alternatively, the pre-form *sku(w)enjō- is considered by Kroonen to stem from the same root as the "shower" sense of Etymology 1.^[2]

Noun

*skūrō f

shelter, shack

Inflection

Declension of *skūrō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skūrō	*skūrôz
vocative	*skūrō	*skūrôz
accusative	*skūrǭ	*skūrōz
genitive	*skūrōz	*skūrǫ̂
dative	*skūrōi	*skūrōmaz
instrumental	*skūrō	*skūrōmiz

Related terms

*hūsą (“house”)
*skeulą (“shelter, hiding place”)
*skiulijaną (“to shelter, hide”)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skūru
- Old Frisian: skūre
  - West Frisian: skuorre
- Old Saxon: skūr
  - Middle Low German: schūr, schure, schüre
    - Low German: Schüür
    - → Estonian: kuur
    - →? Old Norse: *skúrr
      - Icelandic: skúr
      - Faroese: skúrur, skúr
      - Norwegian Nynorsk: skur
  - → Old High German: scūr (probably; perhaps native)
    - Middle High German: schūr
      - German: Schauer (dialectal)
- Old Dutch: skūra
  - Middle Dutch: scūre
    - Dutch: schuur
      - Afrikaans: skuur
- Old High German: skiura, skūra
  - Middle High German: schiure, schūre
    - German: Scheuer
    - Transylvanian Saxon: Schyre, Schure
      - → Romanian: șură
  - → Italian: scuro
  - → Old French: escure
- Salian Frankish: *screunu (mixed with the word which is now German Scheune, or this represents a different oblique stem)
  - → Medieval Latin: screona, screuna
  - → Old French: escriene, escraingne, escrienne, escrainge, ecrene, escreigne
    - Middle French: escriegne, escraigne, escrangne, escregne, escrene, escrenne, ecreigne, ecraigne
      - French: écrenne, écraigne (obsolete, a sort of underground, insulated peasant house, covered with manure)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skūrō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 347
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skūra/ō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451: “*sku(w)enjō-”
^ Buck, C. D. (2008). A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. United States: University of Chicago Press, p. 493

[HGE-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skūrō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 347

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skūra/ō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451: “*sku(w)enjō-”

[3] Buck, C. D. (2008). A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. United States: University of Chicago Press, p. 493

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