Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeuhaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*skugwijaz (North Germanic)

Etymology

Further origin unknown; assumed to be from pre-Germanic *skéwkos. Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-, *skūbʰ- (“to push, drive, move forward”) (for which see Proto-Germanic *skeubaną (“to push, drive”) for cognates) or *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”).^[1]

For semantic development compare Russian засте́нчивый (zasténčivyj) connected with стена́ (stená) or with стень (stenʹ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskeu̯.xɑz/

Adjective

*skeuhaz

frightened
shy; timid; bashful; coy; reserved; cautious
abominable; odious; loathsome; vile

Inflection

Declension of *skeuhaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*skeuhaz	*skeuhō	*skeuhą, -atō	*skeuhai	*skeuhôz	*skeuhō
accusative	*skeuhanǭ	*skeuhǭ	*skeuhą, -atō	*skeuhanz	*skeuhōz	*skeuhō
genitive	*skeuhas, -is	*skeuhaizōz	*skeuhas, -is	*skeuhaizǫ̂	*skeuhaizǫ̂	*skeuhaizǫ̂
dative	*skeuhammai	*skeuhaizōi	*skeuhammai	*skeuhaimaz	*skeuhaimaz	*skeuhaimaz
instrumental	*skeuhanō	*skeuhaizō	*skeuhanō	*skeuhaimiz	*skeuhaimiz	*skeuhaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*skeuhô	*skeuhǭ	*skeuhô	*skeuhaniz	*skeuhōniz	*skeuhōnō
accusative	*skeuhanų	*skeuhōnų	*skeuhô	*skeuhanunz	*skeuhōnunz	*skeuhōnō
genitive	*skeuhiniz	*skeuhōniz	*skeuhiniz	*skeuhanǫ̂	*skeuhōnǫ̂	*skeuhanǫ̂
dative	*skeuhini	*skeuhōni	*skeuhini	*skeuhammaz	*skeuhōmaz	*skeuhammaz
instrumental	*skeuhinē	*skeuhōnē	*skeuhinē	*skeuhammiz	*skeuhōmiz	*skeuhammiz

Derived terms

*skiuhijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skeuh
- Old English: sċēoh
  - Middle English: sceouh, skey, schey
    - English: shy
    - Scots: skeich, skiech, skick
- Old Frisian: *skiāch, *skiā
  - Saterland Frisian: skjou
  - West Frisian: skou
- Dutch: scheu
- Old High German: *skioh
  - Middle High German: schiech, schiehe, schie
    - Bavarian: schiach
    - German: scheu
    - German: schiech, schiach, schirch (dialectal)
- → Old French: eschif, eschiu
  - → Italian: schifo
  - → Middle English: escheu, eschew
Old Norse: *skyggr (< *skugjaz)
- Norwegian: skygg (dialectal)
- Swedish: skygg
Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍃 (*skiuhs)
- → Catalan: esquiu
- → Old Galician-Portuguese: esquivo
  - Galician: esquivo, esquío
  - Portuguese: esquivo
→ Proto-Finnic: *keühä (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 897

[1] Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 897

[1]