Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skeubaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*skūbaną

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-, *skūbʰ- (“to push, drive, move forward”), possibly metathesized from *ksewbʰ- (compare Sanskrit क्षुभ् (kṣubh, “to throw, shake, agitate”)). Cognate with Lithuanian skubė́ti (“to hurry, rush”), Polish skubać (“to pull quickly, pluck”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskeu̯.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skeubaną^[1]^[2]

to push, drive

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skeubō	*skeubaų	—	*skeubai	?
2nd singular	*skiubizi	*skeubaiz	*skeub	*skeubazai	*skeubaizau
3rd singular	*skiubidi	*skeubai	*skeubadau	*skeubadai	*skeubaidau
1st dual	*skeubōz	*skeubaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skeubadiz	*skeubaidiz	*skeubadiz	—	—
1st plural	*skeubamaz	*skeubaim	—	*skeubandai	*skeubaindau
2nd plural	*skiubid	*skeubaid	*skiubid	*skeubandai	*skeubaindau
3rd plural	*skeubandi	*skeubain	*skeubandau	*skeubandai	*skeubaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skaub	*skubį̄
2nd singular	*skauft	*skubīz
3rd singular	*skaub	*skubī
1st dual	*skubū	*skubīw
2nd dual	*skubudiz	*skubīdiz
1st plural	*skubum	*skubīm
2nd plural	*skubud	*skubīd
3rd plural	*skubun	*skubīn

	present	past
participles	*skeubandz	*skubanaz

Related terms

*skuflō
*skupjaną

Derived terms

*skuppōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skeuban
- Old English: sċēofan, sċūfan
  - Middle English: schouven, shoven
    - Scots: shuve
    - English: shove
- (Old Frisian: *skiāva, *skiōua?), skūva
  - Saterland Frisian: schuuwe, skuuwe
  - (West Frisian: sjouwe?), skowe
    - (→ Dutch: sjouwen?)
    - (→ Low German: sjove?)
    - (→ Swedish: sjåa?)
- Old Saxon: *skiovan, *skūvan
  - Middle Low German: schûven
    - Low German: schuven
    - → Danish: skuffe
    - → Swedish: skuffa
- Old Dutch: *scūvan
  - Middle Dutch: schuven
    - Dutch: schuiven
      - Afrikaans: skuif, skuiwe
    - Limburgish: sjuve
- Old High German: sciopan, scioban
  - Middle High German: schieben
    - Alemannic German: schiebe
    - German: schieben
      - → Polish: szybować
Old Norse: *skjófa, skúfa
- Icelandic: skúfa
- Norwegian: skyva, skyve, skuva
  - → Danish: skyve
- Old Swedish: skiūva, skūva
  - Swedish: skjuva, skuva
- Danish: skue
Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*skiuban) (in 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌽 (afskiuban))

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skeuban- ~ *skūban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 444-445
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skeubanan ~ *skūbanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 339

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skeuban- ~ *skūban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 444-445

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skeubanan ~ *skūbanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 339

[1]

[2]