Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuppōną
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskup.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From Pre-Germanic *skubʰnéh₂-, an iterative formation to *skeubaną (“to shove”). Particularly close in formation to Lithuanian skùbinti (“to rush, hurry”).[1]
Verb
*skuppōną
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *skupp- against non-singular *skub-.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *skuppō | *skuppǭ | — | *skuppōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *skuppōsi | *skuppōs | *skuppō | *skuppōsai | *skuppōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *skuppōþi | *skuppō | *skuppōþau | *skuppōþai | *skuppōþau | |
| 1st dual | *skuppōs | *skuppōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *skuppōþiz | *skuppōþiz | *skuppōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *skuppōmaz | *skuppōm | — | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *skuppōþ | *skuppōþ | *skuppōþ | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *skuppōnþi | *skuppōn | *skuppōnþau | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *skuppōdǭ | *skuppōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *skuppōdēz | *skuppōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *skuppōdē | *skuppōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *skuppōdēdū | *skuppōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *skuppōdēdudiz | *skuppōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *skuppōdēdum | *skuppōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *skuppōdēdud | *skuppōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *skuppōdēdun | *skuppōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *skuppōndz | *skuppōdaz | ||||
Descendants
- Middle Low German: schuppen
- Middle Dutch: scuppen, *scoppen
- Middle High German: schopfen, schupfen, schüpfen; (northern) schoppen, schuppen
- Old Norse: *skopa
Etymology 2
Considered by Kroonen to be a secondary zero-grade iterative to a Proto-Indo-European *skep- (“to mock”), and not equivalent to the "shove" sense of Etymology 1. Probably related to Ancient Greek σκώπτω (skṓptō, “to mock”).[2]
Verb
*skuppōną
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *skupp- against non-singular *skub-.
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *skuppō | *skuppǭ | — | *skuppōi | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *skuppōsi | *skuppōs | *skuppō | *skuppōsai | *skuppōsau | |
| 3rd singular | *skuppōþi | *skuppō | *skuppōþau | *skuppōþai | *skuppōþau | |
| 1st dual | *skuppōs | *skuppōw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *skuppōþiz | *skuppōþiz | *skuppōþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *skuppōmaz | *skuppōm | — | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau | |
| 2nd plural | *skuppōþ | *skuppōþ | *skuppōþ | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau | |
| 3rd plural | *skuppōnþi | *skuppōn | *skuppōnþau | *skuppōnþai | *skuppōnþau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *skuppōdǭ | *skuppōdēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *skuppōdēz | *skuppōdēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *skuppōdē | *skuppōdēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *skuppōdēdū | *skuppōdēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *skuppōdēdudiz | *skuppōdēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *skuppōdēdum | *skuppōdēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *skuppōdēdud | *skuppōdēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *skuppōdēdun | *skuppōdēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *skuppōndz | *skuppōdaz | ||||
Related terms
- *skaupą
- *skupą/*skufą
- *skupaz/*skuppaz
Descendants
- Middle Low German: schoven
- Dutch: schobben, schoppen (early modern)
- Middle High German: schopfen
- Old Norse: skopa
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skupp/bōn- 1 w.v. 'to shove'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 450
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skupp/bōn- 2 w.v. 'to mock'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 450-1