Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stakô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of uncertain origin, with multiple candidate roots.

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *stogʰ-on-, from a root *stegʰ- (“bar, pillar, rod”), and cognate with Ancient Greek στόχος (stókhos, “brick pillar”), Lithuanian stãgaras (“dry stalk, switch”). Kroonen, in addition to the above, also suggests an alternate derivation as a nominal formation from *stikaną (“to stick”).[1]

Older theories derived the word from a Proto-Indo-European *steg- (“pole, stick, beam”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstɑ.kɔːː/

Noun

*stakô m

  1. stake
    Synonyms: *furkaz, *stauraz

Inflection

Declension of *stakô (masculine an-stem)
singular plural
nominative *stakô *stakaniz
vocative *stakô *stakaniz
accusative *stakanų *stakanunz
genitive *stakiniz *stakanǫ̂
dative *stakini *stakammaz
instrumental *stakinē *stakammiz
  • ? *stakkaz (“stack”) (North Germanic)

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *stakō
  • Old Norse: staki, stjaki
  • Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌺𐌰 (*staka)
    • → Medieval Latin: staca (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stakan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472
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