Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stapjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *stappijaną

Etymology

From *stapiz, or back-formed from *stappōną.[1]

Verb

*stapjaną

  1. to step

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 6 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stapjō *stapjaų — *stapjai ?
2nd singular *stapisi *stapjais *stapi *stapjasai *stapjaisau
3rd singular *stapiþi *stapjai *stapjaþau *stapjaþai *stapjaiþau
1st dual *stapjōs *stapjaiw — — —
2nd dual *stapjaþiz *stapjaiþiz *stapjaþiz — —
1st plural *stapjamaz *stapjaim — *stapjanþai *stapjainþau
2nd plural *stapiþ *stapjaiþ *stapiþ *stapjanþai *stapjainþau
3rd plural *stapjanþi *stapjain *stapjanþau *stapjanþai *stapjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stōp *stōpį̄
2nd singular *stōft *stōpīz
3rd singular *stōp *stōpī
1st dual *stōpū *stōpīw
2nd dual *stōpudiz *stōpīdiz
1st plural *stōpum *stōpīm
2nd plural *stōpud *stōpīd
3rd plural *stōpun *stōpīn
present past
participles *stapjandz *stapanaz

Derived terms

  • *stōpiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *stappjan
    • Old English: stæppan, steppan
    • Old Frisian: steppa, stapa
    • Old Saxon: steppian
    • Old Dutch: *stappen, *steppen
    • Old High German: stepfen, stephen
      • Middle High German: stepfen
        • German: stepfen (obsolete)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stap(p)an- ~ *stapjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 474
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