Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sterbaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ- (“to be stiff, become stiff”); cognate with Ancient Greek στέρφνιος (stérphnios, “hard, firm, tight”).[1]

Another theory derives the verb from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (“to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless”), connecting Latin torpeō. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈster.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sterbaną

  1. to become stiff
  2. to die, become lifeless
    Synonym: *dawjaną

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sterbō *sterbaų — *sterbai ?
2nd singular *stirbizi *sterbaiz *sterb *sterbazai *sterbaizau
3rd singular *stirbidi *sterbai *sterbadau *sterbadai *sterbaidau
1st dual *sterbōz *sterbaiw — — —
2nd dual *sterbadiz *sterbaidiz *sterbadiz — —
1st plural *sterbamaz *sterbaim — *sterbandai *sterbaindau
2nd plural *stirbid *sterbaid *stirbid *sterbandai *sterbaindau
3rd plural *sterbandi *sterbain *sterbandau *sterbandai *sterbaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *starb *sturbį̄
2nd singular *starft *sturbīz
3rd singular *starb *sturbī
1st dual *sturbū *sturbīw
2nd dual *sturbudiz *sturbīdiz
1st plural *sturbum *sturbīm
2nd plural *sturbud *sturbīd
3rd plural *sturbun *sturbīn
present past
participles *sterbandz *sturbanaz

Derived terms

  • *starbijaną
  • *starfą (“labor”) (North Germanic)
  • *starbōną
    • Old Norse: starfa
  • *sterbô

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sterban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 477
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