Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Most likely from pre-Germanic *suḱnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *sewḱ- (“to suck”). The verb(s) *sūkaną/*sūganą (“to suck”) very likely represent a back-formation from the iterative, as the expected outcome from inheritance would be *seuhaną. Cognates include Latin sūcus (“juice”), Latvian sùkt (“to suck”), Proto-Slavic *sъsàti (idem).[1] On the other hand, Latin sūgō (“to suck”) and Old Irish súigid (idem) seem to point to a voiced stop, for Proto-Indo-European *sewg- or *sewgʰ-, which could just as well have given the Germanic iterative *sukk-. Contamination by onomatopoeia in at least some of these words is probable; compare the developments of Italian succhiare, ciucciare and Sicilian sucari.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sukkōną

  1. (West Germanic) to suck

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *sukk- against *sug-.

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sukkō *sukkǭ — *sukkōi ?
2nd singular *sukkōsi *sukkōs *sukkō *sukkōsai *sukkōsau
3rd singular *sukkōþi *sukkō *sukkōþau *sukkōþai *sukkōþau
1st dual *sukkōs *sukkōw — — —
2nd dual *sukkōþiz *sukkōþiz *sukkōþiz — —
1st plural *sukkōmaz *sukkōm — *sukkōnþai *sukkōnþau
2nd plural *sukkōþ *sukkōþ *sukkōþ *sukkōnþai *sukkōnþau
3rd plural *sukkōnþi *sukkōn *sukkōnþau *sukkōnþai *sukkōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sukkōdǭ *sukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular *sukkōdēz *sukkōdēdīz
3rd singular *sukkōdē *sukkōdēdī
1st dual *sukkōdēdū *sukkōdēdīw
2nd dual *sukkōdēdudiz *sukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural *sukkōdēdum *sukkōdēdīm
2nd plural *sukkōdēdud *sukkōdēdīd
3rd plural *sukkōdēdun *sukkōdēdīn
present past
participles *sukkōndz *sukkōdaz

Descendants

  • Old English: socian
  • German: sucken (dialectal)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sukk/gōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 490
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