Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunþraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ún-teros, from *sóh₂w-l̥ ~ *sh₂w-én-s (“the sun”) +‎ *-teros (directional suffix).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsun.θrɑz/

Adjective

*sunþraz (comparative *sunþrizô, superlative *sunþristaz)

  1. south, southern

Inflection

Declension of *sunþraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *sunþraz *sunþrō *sunþrą, -atō *sunþrai *sunþrôz *sunþrō
accusative *sunþranǭ *sunþrǭ *sunþrą, -atō *sunþranz *sunþrōz *sunþrō
genitive *sunþras, -is *sunþraizōz *sunþras, -is *sunþraizǫ̂ *sunþraizǫ̂ *sunþraizǫ̂
dative *sunþrammai *sunþraizōi *sunþrammai *sunþraimaz *sunþraimaz *sunþraimaz
instrumental *sunþranō *sunþraizō *sunþranō *sunþraimiz *sunþraimiz *sunþraimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *sunþrô *sunþrǭ *sunþrô *sunþraniz *sunþrōniz *sunþrōnō
accusative *sunþranų *sunþrōnų *sunþrô *sunþranunz *sunþrōnunz *sunþrōnō
genitive *sunþriniz *sunþrōniz *sunþriniz *sunþranǫ̂ *sunþrōnǫ̂ *sunþranǫ̂
dative *sunþrini *sunþrōni *sunþrini *sunþrammaz *sunþrōmaz *sunþrammaz
instrumental *sunþrinē *sunþrōnē *sunþrinē *sunþrammiz *sunþrōmiz *sunþrammiz

Derived terms

Coordinate terms

compass points:  [edit]

*nurþraz
*westraz *austraz
*sunþraz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *sunþr
    • Old English: sūþ
      • Middle English: south, souþ, suþ, sowth, suthe, souþe, suth, souht, zouth (Kent)
        • English: south
        • Scots: sooth
        • Yola: zouth
      • → Old French: sud, su
    • Old Frisian: *sūther
    • Old Saxon: *sūthar
    • Old High German: sundar

Adverb

*sunþraz (comparative *sunþrōz, superlative *sunþrōst)

  1. south, southward

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sunþera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 492
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