Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swērāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From both *swēraz (“heavy”) +‎ *-āną (“stative-fientive suffix”) and *swēraz (“heavy”) +‎ *-āną (“factitive suffix”).

Verb

*swērāną[1]

  1. to be or become heavy
  2. to honour

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swērō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *swēraisi ? *swērai *swērāsai ?
3rd singular *swēraiþi ? *swērāþau *swērāþai ?
1st dual *swērōs ? — — —
2nd dual *swērāþiz ? *swērāþiz — —
1st plural *swērāmaz ? — *swērānþai ?
2nd plural *swēraiþ ? *swēraiþ *swērānþai ?
3rd plural *swērānþi ? *swērānþau *swērānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swēradǭ *swēradēdį̄
2nd singular *swēradēz *swēradēdīz
3rd singular *swēradē *swēradēdī
1st dual *swēradēdū *swēradēdīw
2nd dual *swēradēdudiz *swēradēdīdiz
1st plural *swēradēdum *swēradēdīm
2nd plural *swēradēdud *swēradēdīd
3rd plural *swēradēdun *swēradēdīn
present past
participles *swērāndz *swēradaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *swārēn
    • Old Frisian: swēria
      • West Frisian: swierje
    • Old Saxon: *swāron
    • Old Dutch: *swāron
      • Middle Dutch: swâren (merged with the descendant of *swārijan)
        • Dutch: zwaren (archaic)
    • Old High German: swārēn
      • Middle High German: swāren
      • ⇒ Old High German: anairswārēn
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swērān)

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swērēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 396
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