Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīkwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *swīkwijaną

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sweyg- (“to turn, move around, wander, swing”).

Verb

*swīkwaną[1]

  1. to move out of the way; dodge; swerve; avoid; shun
  2. to stand (someone) up; betray
  3. to defraud; cheat

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swīkwō *swīkwaų — *swīkwai ?
2nd singular *swīkwizi *swīkwaiz *swīkw *swīkwazai *swīkwaizau
3rd singular *swīkwidi *swīkwai *swīkwadau *swīkwadai *swīkwaidau
1st dual *swīkwōz *swīkwaiw — — —
2nd dual *swīkwadiz *swīkwaidiz *swīkwadiz — —
1st plural *swīkwamaz *swīkwaim — *swīkwandai *swīkwaindau
2nd plural *swīkwid *swīkwaid *swīkwid *swīkwandai *swīkwaindau
3rd plural *swīkwandi *swīkwain *swīkwandau *swīkwandai *swīkwaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swaikw *swikwį̄
2nd singular *swaiht *swikwīz
3rd singular *swaikw *swikwī
1st dual *swikwū *swikwīw
2nd dual *swikwudiz *swikwīdiz
1st plural *swikwum *swikwīm
2nd plural *swikwud *swikwīd
3rd plural *swikwun *swikwīn
present past
participles *swīkwandz *swikwanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *swīkwan
    • Old English: swīcan
    • Old Frisian: swīka
    • Old Saxon: swīkan
    • Old Dutch: *swīcan
    • Old High German: swīhhan, swīchan
      • Middle High German: swīchen
  • Old Norse: svíkja, svíkva — older, sýkva

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swīk(w)anan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397
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