Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swelganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of unknown origin.^[1] Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *swelk- (“to gulp”), a k-extension of a Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to drink, swallow”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what are some proposed cognates under this old theory?”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswel.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swelganą

to gulp, gobble, swallow, devour
to revel

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*swelgō	*swelgaų	—	*swelgai	?
2nd singular	*swilgizi	*swelgaiz	*swelg	*swelgazai	*swelgaizau
3rd singular	*swilgidi	*swelgai	*swelgadau	*swelgadai	*swelgaidau
1st dual	*swelgōz	*swelgaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swelgadiz	*swelgaidiz	*swelgadiz	—	—
1st plural	*swelgamaz	*swelgaim	—	*swelgandai	*swelgaindau
2nd plural	*swilgid	*swelgaid	*swilgid	*swelgandai	*swelgaindau
3rd plural	*swelgandi	*swelgain	*swelgandau	*swelgandai	*swelgaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swalg	*swulgį̄
2nd singular	*swalht	*swulgīz
3rd singular	*swalg	*swulgī
1st dual	*swulgū	*swulgīw
2nd dual	*swulgudiz	*swulgīdiz
1st plural	*swulgum	*swulgīm
2nd plural	*swulgud	*swulgīd
3rd plural	*swulgun	*swulgīn

	present	past
participles	*swelgandz	*swulganaz

Related terms

*swalgiz
*swelgą
*swiljaną
*swulgiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *swelgan
- Old English: swelgan
  - Middle English: swelgen, swelȝen, swelghen, swelwen, swolȝen, swolwen, swalwen
    - English: swallow
    - Scots: swellie, swelly, swallow
- Old Saxon: *swelgan (in combinations: farswelgan)
  - Middle Low German: swelgen, swölgen, swolgen
    - German Low German: swögen
- Old Dutch: *swelgan
  - Middle Dutch: swelgen
    - Dutch: zwelgen
- Old High German: swelgan, swelhan, swelahan
  - Middle High German: swëlgen
    - German: schwelgen
Old Norse: svelga, (weak verb) svelgja
- Icelandic: svelgja (“to gulp”), (obsolete) svelga
- Faroese: svølgja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: svelgja; (dialectal) svølgje, svægje, svæl, svøl
- Elfdalian: swega
- Old Swedish: svælghia, svælgha, svælia
  - Swedish: svälja
- Old Danish: swælghæ, swæliæ, swælwæ
  - Danish: svælge, svælle
    - Norwegian Bokmål: svelge
  - Scanian: svælla
- Gutnish: svälge, svölge

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swelʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 394

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swelʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 394

[1]