Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tiunijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *teuną (ruin, lack, damage) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtiu̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*tiunijaną

  1. to torture, torment, vex
  2. to claim, use, appropriate

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *tiunijō *tiunijaų *tiunijai ?
2nd singular *tiunīsi *tiunijais *tiunī *tiunijasai *tiunijaisau
3rd singular *tiunīþi *tiunijai *tiunijaþau *tiunijaþai *tiunijaiþau
1st dual *tiunijōs *tiunijaiw
2nd dual *tiunijaþiz *tiunijaiþiz *tiunijaþiz
1st plural *tiunijamaz *tiunijaim *tiunijanþai *tiunijainþau
2nd plural *tiunīþ *tiunijaiþ *tiunīþ *tiunijanþai *tiunijainþau
3rd plural *tiunijanþi *tiunijain *tiunijanþau *tiunijanþai *tiunijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *tiunidǭ *tiunidēdį̄
2nd singular *tiunidēz *tiunidēdīz
3rd singular *tiunidē *tiunidēdī
1st dual *tiunidēdū *tiunidēdīw
2nd dual *tiunidēdudiz *tiunidēdīdiz
1st plural *tiunidēdum *tiunidēdīm
2nd plural *tiunidēdud *tiunidēdīd
3rd plural *tiunidēdun *tiunidēdīn
present past
participles *tiunijandz *tiunidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *tiunijan
    • Old English: tēonian, tīenan, tȳnan
    • Old Frisian: tiūna, tiōna
      • West Frisian: tsjoene (to hex, enchant, bewitch; to cast a spell)
    • Old Saxon: *tiunian
      • Old Saxon: gitiunian
  • Old Norse: týna