Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tuppaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *tumpaz

Etymology

    Secondary formation from *tebô ~ *tappaz (“tuft, knot, peg”), whence Old High German zepfo, zapfo (“plug, peg, broom”), Old English tæppa (“strip of cloth”), Norwegian tave (“piece of cloth”), of unknown origin.[1][2]

    Sometimes reconstructed from earlier *tumpaz[3] with irregular development *mp > *pp, from Proto-Indo-European *dewmb- (“penis, tail, rod”), whence Old High German zumpfo (“penis”), Dutch tamp (“rope end, penis”), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬨𐬀 (duma, “penis”), Persian دُنْب (donb, “tail”).[4] This can be related to the above by the addition of an n-infix. Alternatively, it can be explained as metathesis of the nasal from the pre-Germanic weak stem *dbʰ-nó- to *dm̥bʰ-ó- and subsequent contamination between the two stems to *dm̥bʰ-nó-, whence early Proto-Germanic *tumppaz, later *tumpaz.

    Pystynen (2024) proposes borrowing from Proto-Finnic *tup'as, in which case *tuppaz would be more original than the e- and a-grade variants cited above.[5]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈtup.pɑz/

    Noun

    *tuppaz m[6][2]

    1. tuft, plait (of hair)
    2. top, summit

    Inflection

    Declension of *tuppaz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *tuppaz *tuppōz, *tuppōs
    vocative *tupp *tuppōz, *tuppōs
    accusative *tuppą *tuppanz
    genitive *tuppas, *tuppis *tuppǫ̂
    dative *tuppai *tuppamaz
    instrumental *tuppō *tuppamiz

    Derived terms

    • *tuppijaną
    • *tuppijô
    • *tuppilaz
    • *tabbą, *tabą
    • *tappą, *tapą
    • *teppą

    Descendants

    • Proto-West Germanic: *topp
      • Old English: top, topp; toppa
      • Old Frisian: topp, top
      • Old Saxon: *top
      • Old Dutch: *topp, *top
      • Old High German: zoph
      • → Vulgar Latin: *toppus (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Norse: toppr

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 215-217
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “top”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 412
    3. ^ Bloomfield ((Can we date this quote?)) Germanica, page 95
    4. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “dumb-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 227
    5. ^ Pystynen, Juho: Uralic *tuppas – bridging Indic and Germanic E litoribus Balticis etymologiae. 61–78.Uralica Helsingiensia 15. Helsinki 2024 [1]
    6. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tuppaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 412
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