Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/topp

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“summit, crest, tuft of hair”).

Noun

*topp m

top, summit, crest
tuft (of hair)

Declension

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*topp
Genitive	*toppas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*topp	toppō, toppōs
Accusative	*topp	*toppā
Genitive	*toppas	*toppō
Dative	*toppē	*toppum
Instrumental	*toppu	*toppum

Descendants

Old English: top, topp; toppa
- Middle English: top, toppe, topp, tope, toop
  - English: top
    - → French: top
    - → German: Top
    - → Vietnamese: tốp
  - Scots: tap
Old Frisian: topp, top
- North Frisian: top, tap, tup
- Saterland Frisian: Top
- West Frisian: top; toppe
Old Saxon: *top
- Middle Low German: top
  - Low German: Topp
    - → German: Topp
Old Dutch: *topp, *top
- Middle Dutch: top, topp
  - Dutch: top
Old High German: zoph
- Middle Low German: zopf
  - Cimbrian: sòpf
  - German: Zopf
  - Hunsrik: Zopp
  - Luxembourgish: Zapp
  - Vilamovian: cöp
  - Yiddish: צאָפּ (tsop)
- → Italian: zuffa
→ Vulgar Latin: *toppus (see there for further descendants)