Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wadaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Italic *wāðō, Old Armenian գամ (gam).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɑ.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wadaną^[1]^[2]^[3]

to go, walk
to pass through, wade

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 6)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wadō	*wadaų	—	*wadai	?
2nd singular	*wadizi	*wadaiz	*wad	*wadazai	*wadaizau
3rd singular	*wadidi	*wadai	*wadadau	*wadadai	*wadaidau
1st dual	*wadōz	*wadaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wadadiz	*wadaidiz	*wadadiz	—	—
1st plural	*wadamaz	*wadaim	—	*wadandai	*wadaindau
2nd plural	*wadid	*wadaid	*wadid	*wadandai	*wadaindau
3rd plural	*wadandi	*wadain	*wadandau	*wadandai	*wadaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wōd	*wōdį̄
2nd singular	*wōst	*wōdīz
3rd singular	*wōd	*wōdī
1st dual	*wōdū	*wōdīw
2nd dual	*wōdudiz	*wōdīdiz
1st plural	*wōdum	*wōdīm
2nd plural	*wōdud	*wōdīd
3rd plural	*wōdun	*wōdīn

	present	past
participles	*wadandz	*wadanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

*wōdiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wadan
- Old English: wadan
  - Middle English: waden
    - English: wade
    - Scots: wad, wade
- Old Frisian: wada
  - Saterland Frisian: waadje
  - West Frisian: wâdzje
- Old Saxon: wadan
  - Middle Low German: wāden
    - German Low German: waden
- Old Dutch: *wadan
  - Middle Dutch: wāden
    - Dutch: waden
      - Afrikaans: waad
- Old High German: watan
  - Middle High German: waten
    - German: waten
Old Norse: vaða
- Icelandic: vaða
- Faroese: vaða
- Norwegian Nynorsk: vada, va
- Old Swedish: vaþa
  - Swedish: vada
- Old Danish: vade
  - Danish: vade
    - Norwegian Bokmål: vade

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wadan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 564
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wađanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 438
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “WAD-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 530

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wadan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 564

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wađanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 438

[3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “WAD-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 530

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