Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wakrōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wakraz (“awake”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwɑk.rɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wakrōną[1]

  1. to wake up, to rouse

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wakrō *wakrǭ — *wakrōi ?
2nd singular *wakrōsi *wakrōs *wakrō *wakrōsai *wakrōsau
3rd singular *wakrōþi *wakrō *wakrōþau *wakrōþai *wakrōþau
1st dual *wakrōs *wakrōw — — —
2nd dual *wakrōþiz *wakrōþiz *wakrōþiz — —
1st plural *wakrōmaz *wakrōm — *wakrōnþai *wakrōnþau
2nd plural *wakrōþ *wakrōþ *wakrōþ *wakrōnþai *wakrōnþau
3rd plural *wakrōnþi *wakrōn *wakrōnþau *wakrōnþai *wakrōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wakrōdǭ *wakrōdēdį̄
2nd singular *wakrōdēz *wakrōdēdīz
3rd singular *wakrōdē *wakrōdēdī
1st dual *wakrōdēdū *wakrōdēdīw
2nd dual *wakrōdēdudiz *wakrōdēdīdiz
1st plural *wakrōdēdum *wakrōdēdīm
2nd plural *wakrōdēdud *wakrōdēdīd
3rd plural *wakrōdēdun *wakrōdēdīn
present past
participles *wakrōndz *wakrōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *wakkrōn
    • Old Frisian: wekkria
      • ⇒ West Frisian: oanwakkerje
    • Old Saxon: *wakkaron
      • Middle Low German: *wackeren
        • ⇒ Middle Low German: vörwackeren
    • Old Dutch: *wackeron
    • Old High German: *wakkarōn
      • ⇒ Old High German: irwakkarōn
        • Middle High German: erwackeren
  • Old Norse: vakra

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wakrōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 442
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