Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrīhaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wreyḱ- (to twist, weave, bind). Cognate with Latin rīca (veil, toile).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwriː.xɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wrīhaną

  1. to wind, turn
  2. to wrap, cover, shroud, envelop

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wrīhō *wrīhaų *wrīhai ?
2nd singular *wrīhizi *wrīhaiz *wrīh *wrīhazai *wrīhaizau
3rd singular *wrīhidi *wrīhai *wrīhadau *wrīhadai *wrīhaidau
1st dual *wrīhōz *wrīhaiw
2nd dual *wrīhadiz *wrīhaidiz *wrīhadiz
1st plural *wrīhamaz *wrīhaim *wrīhandai *wrīhaindau
2nd plural *wrīhid *wrīhaid *wrīhid *wrīhandai *wrīhaindau
3rd plural *wrīhandi *wrīhain *wrīhandau *wrīhandai *wrīhaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wraih *wrigį̄
2nd singular *wraiht *wrigīz
3rd singular *wraih *wrigī
1st dual *wrigū *wrigīw
2nd dual *wrigudiz *wrigīdiz
1st plural *wrigum *wrigīm
2nd plural *wrigud *wrigīd
3rd plural *wrigun *wrigīn
present past
participles *wrīhandz *wriganaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *wrīhan, *wrīan, *wrīgan
    • Old English: wrēon (to cover (up))
      • Middle English: wrihen, wreon, wrien, wryen
    • Old Frisian: *wrīgia
      • West Frisian: riuwe (to bind with twine; to constrict)
      • Old Frisian: wreigenge (bedcover, duvet)
      • Old Frisian: wrichte (battle-garment)
    • Old Saxon: *wrīgan, *wrīan
      • Middle Low German: rîgen, rîen
        • German Low German:
          Altmärkisch: rîn
          Low Prussian: rêgen
          Westphalian:
          Bentheimisch: rîgen
          Dortmundisch, Sauerländisch: riggen
          Sauerländisch: reyjen (Wenden)
          East Westphalian: rüijen, rüigen, röjjen (Lippe), ruijjen (Ravensberg)
          Westmünsterländisch: rijen
    • Old Dutch: *rīgan, *rīan
      • Middle Dutch: rîen (to bind with twine), rijenn, rîgen
        • Dutch: rijgen
        • Limburgish: riege
    • Old High German: rīhan, *rīgan
      • Middle High German: rîhen, rîgen, rîhhen (to pleat; to impale)