Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wringaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably related to Lithuanian rangýti (“to writhe”), pointing to a Proto-Indo-European *wrengʰ- (“to squeeze, wring”).[1] If additionally related to Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “quickly, fast”), the root is to be reconstructed as *wrengʷʰ- (“to squeeze, wring”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwriŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wringaną[1][3]

  1. to squeeze, twist, wring

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wringō *wringaų — *wringai ?
2nd singular *wringizi *wringaiz *wring *wringazai *wringaizau
3rd singular *wringidi *wringai *wringadau *wringadai *wringaidau
1st dual *wringōz *wringaiw — — —
2nd dual *wringadiz *wringaidiz *wringadiz — —
1st plural *wringamaz *wringaim — *wringandai *wringaindau
2nd plural *wringid *wringaid *wringid *wringandai *wringaindau
3rd plural *wringandi *wringain *wringandau *wringandai *wringaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wrang *wrungį̄
2nd singular *wranht *wrungīz
3rd singular *wrang *wrungī
1st dual *wrungū *wrungīw
2nd dual *wrungudiz *wrungīdiz
1st plural *wrungum *wrungīm
2nd plural *wrungud *wrungīd
3rd plural *wrungun *wrungīn
present past
participles *wringandz *wrunganaz

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wringan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 596
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥίμφα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1286
  3. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wrenʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472
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