Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wundō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*wundiz

Etymology

Nominal formation from *wundaz (“wounded”),^[1] from Proto-Indo-European *wn̥-tó-s, from a root *wen- (“to strive, toil, win”), invoking a sense of "toiled (in battle)". Kroonen considers the word related to *winnaną (“idem”),^[2] while Orel compares Welsh ymwan (“to battle”) and perhaps Old Armenian վանդեմ (vandem, “to destroy”).^[3] It is possible that all these terms are related to each other, as well.

Older theories derive the word from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂wn̥tós (“wounded”), from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂wen- (“to strike, injure, hurt”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “proposed cognates under this theory? or is this a re-phrasing of the theory above?”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwun.dɔː/

Noun

*wundō f

wound

Inflection

Declension of *wundō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wundō	*wundôz
vocative	*wundō	*wundôz
accusative	*wundǭ	*wundōz
genitive	*wundōz	*wundǫ̂
dative	*wundōi	*wundōmaz
instrumental	*wundō	*wundōmiz

Derived terms

*haubidawundō
*haubudawundō
*wundōną

Related terms

*wanjō
*wundaz (“wounded”)
- Proto-West Germanic: *wund
  - Old English: wund
  - Old Saxon: wund
  - Old High German: wunt
    - Middle High German: wunt
      - German: wund
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (haubiþwunds)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wundu
- Old English: wund
  - Middle English: wund, wonde, wound
    - English: wound
    - Scots: wond, wound
- Old Frisian: wunde, unde
  - Saterland Frisian: Wuunde
  - West Frisian: wûne
- Old Saxon: wunda
  - Middle Low German: wunde
    - German Low German: Wunn
- Old Dutch: wunda
  - Middle Dutch: wunde, wonde
    - Dutch: wond, (Belgium) wonde
      - Afrikaans: wond
      - Negerhollands: wond
    - Limburgish: wónj
- Old High German: wunta
  - Middle High German: wunde
    - Cimbrian: bunta
    - German: Wunde
    - Luxembourgish: Wonn
    - Yiddish: וווּנד (vund)
Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛞᚢ (*wudu /⁠wundu⁠/)
- Old Norse: und
  - Icelandic: und
  - Old Swedish: und
  - Danish: vunde (influenced by Low German)
Gothic: *𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (*wunda) (attested in compound 𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌹 (wundufni))

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wunđiz ~ *wunđō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 474
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wunda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 599
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wunđaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 474

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wunđiz ~ *wunđō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 474

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wunda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 599

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wunđaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 474

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