Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵenh₁ós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ǵenh₁- (to produce; to beget, give birth) +‎ *-ós (adjectival suffix).

Adjective

*ǵenh₁ós[1][2]

  1. born

Inflection

Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *ǵenh₁ós *ǵenh₁éh₂
genitive *ǵenh₁ósyo *ǵenh₁éh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *ǵenh₁ós *ǵenh₁óh₁ *ǵenh₁óes
vocative *ǵenh₁é *ǵenh₁óh₁ *ǵenh₁óes
accusative *ǵenh₁óm *ǵenh₁óh₁ *ǵenh₁óms
genitive *ǵenh₁ósyo *? *ǵenh₁óHom
ablative *ǵenh₁éad *? *ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos
dative *ǵenh₁óey *? *ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos
locative *ǵenh₁éy, *ǵenh₁óy *? *ǵenh₁óysu
instrumental *ǵenh₁óh₁ *? *ǵenh₁ṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *ǵenh₁éh₂ *ǵenh₁éh₂h₁(e) *ǵenh₁éh₂es
vocative *ǵenh₁éh₂ *ǵenh₁éh₂h₁(e) *ǵenh₁éh₂es
accusative *ǵenh₁ā́m *ǵenh₁éh₂h₁(e) *ǵenh₁éh₂m̥s
genitive *ǵenh₁éh₂s *? *ǵenh₁éh₂oHom
ablative *ǵenh₁éh₂s *? *ǵenh₁éh₂mos, *ǵenh₁éh₂bʰos
dative *ǵenh₁éh₂ey *? *ǵenh₁éh₂mos, *ǵenh₁éh₂bʰos
locative *ǵenh₁éh₂, *ǵenh₁éh₂i *? *ǵenh₁éh₂su
instrumental *ǵenh₁éh₂h₁ *? *ǵenh₁éh₂mis, *ǵenh₁éh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *ǵenh₁óm *ǵenh₁óy(h₁) *ǵenh₁éh₂
vocative *ǵenh₁óm *ǵenh₁óy(h₁) *ǵenh₁éh₂
accusative *ǵenh₁óm *ǵenh₁óy(h₁) *ǵenh₁éh₂
genitive *ǵenh₁ósyo *? *ǵenh₁óHom
ablative *ǵenh₁éad *? *ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos
dative *ǵenh₁óey *? *ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos
locative *ǵenh₁éy, *ǵenh₁óy *? *ǵenh₁óysu
instrumental *ǵenh₁óh₁ *? *ǵenh₁ṓys

Derived terms

  • *h₁su-ǵenh₁ós (well born)
    • Proto-Celtic: *Sugenos
      • Primitive Irish: ᚄᚑᚌᚔᚅᚔ (sogini)
        • Middle Irish: Sogain (in Corcu Sogain)
    • Proto-Celtic: *Esugenos
      • Gaulish: Esugeni
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suȷ́anas
      • Sanskrit: सुजन (sujana, good person)

Descendants

  • Old Armenian: ծին (cin) (with "birth" noun from a nominalization as an i-stem, and a-stem compounds homologous to Latin -gena)
  • Proto-Celtic: *genos (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *-genos

References

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Alan (2017) “Agentive and Other Derivatives of “τόμος-Type” Nouns”, in Claire Le Feuvre, Daniel Petit and Georges-Jean Pinault, editors, Verbal Adjectives and Participles in Indo-European Languages. Proceedings of the Arbeitstagung of the Indo-European Society, Paris, 24–26 September 2014, Bremen: Hempen, page 247
  2. ^ Villanueva Svensson, Miguel (2021) “The origin of the Indo-European simple thematic presents: The nominal connection”, in Indo-European Linguistics, volume 9, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 20