Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵenh₁ós
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *ǵenh₁- (“to produce; to beget, give birth”) + *-ós (adjectival suffix).
Adjective
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *ǵenh₁ós | *ǵenh₁éh₂ | |
| genitive | *ǵenh₁ósyo | *ǵenh₁éh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ǵenh₁ós | *ǵenh₁óh₁ | *ǵenh₁óes |
| vocative | *ǵenh₁é | *ǵenh₁óh₁ | *ǵenh₁óes |
| accusative | *ǵenh₁óm | *ǵenh₁óh₁ | *ǵenh₁óms |
| genitive | *ǵenh₁ósyo | *? | *ǵenh₁óHom |
| ablative | *ǵenh₁éad | *? | *ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos |
| dative | *ǵenh₁óey | *? | *ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos |
| locative | *ǵenh₁éy, *ǵenh₁óy | *? | *ǵenh₁óysu |
| instrumental | *ǵenh₁óh₁ | *? | *ǵenh₁ṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ǵenh₁éh₂ | *ǵenh₁éh₂h₁(e) | *ǵenh₁éh₂es |
| vocative | *ǵenh₁éh₂ | *ǵenh₁éh₂h₁(e) | *ǵenh₁éh₂es |
| accusative | *ǵenh₁ā́m | *ǵenh₁éh₂h₁(e) | *ǵenh₁éh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *ǵenh₁éh₂s | *? | *ǵenh₁éh₂oHom |
| ablative | *ǵenh₁éh₂s | *? | *ǵenh₁éh₂mos, *ǵenh₁éh₂bʰos |
| dative | *ǵenh₁éh₂ey | *? | *ǵenh₁éh₂mos, *ǵenh₁éh₂bʰos |
| locative | *ǵenh₁éh₂, *ǵenh₁éh₂i | *? | *ǵenh₁éh₂su |
| instrumental | *ǵenh₁éh₂h₁ | *? | *ǵenh₁éh₂mis, *ǵenh₁éh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *ǵenh₁óm | *ǵenh₁óy(h₁) | *ǵenh₁éh₂ |
| vocative | *ǵenh₁óm | *ǵenh₁óy(h₁) | *ǵenh₁éh₂ |
| accusative | *ǵenh₁óm | *ǵenh₁óy(h₁) | *ǵenh₁éh₂ |
| genitive | *ǵenh₁ósyo | *? | *ǵenh₁óHom |
| ablative | *ǵenh₁éad | *? | *ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos |
| dative | *ǵenh₁óey | *? | *ǵenh₁ómos, *ǵenh₁óbʰos |
| locative | *ǵenh₁éy, *ǵenh₁óy | *? | *ǵenh₁óysu |
| instrumental | *ǵenh₁óh₁ | *? | *ǵenh₁ṓys |
Derived terms
- *h₁su-ǵenh₁ós (“well born”)
Descendants
- Old Armenian: ծին (cin) (with "birth" noun from a nominalization as an i-stem, and a-stem compounds homologous to Latin -gena)
- Armenian: ծին (cin)
- Proto-Celtic: *genos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *-genos
References
- ^ Nussbaum, Alan (2017) “Agentive and Other Derivatives of “τόμος-Type” Nouns”, in Claire Le Feuvre, Daniel Petit and Georges-Jean Pinault, editors, Verbal Adjectives and Participles in Indo-European Languages. Proceedings of the Arbeitstagung of the Indo-European Society, Paris, 24–26 September 2014, Bremen: Hempen, page 247
- ^ Villanueva Svensson, Miguel (2021) “The origin of the Indo-European simple thematic presents: The nominal connection”, in Indo-European Linguistics, volume 9, number 1, , →ISSN, page 20